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Our members - Hospital Association of South Africa

Unconscious Bias: The neurobiology and social psychology of human  behaviour

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Human behaviour and specifically  diversity relations have from earliest times been regarded as  a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma!!!

While we have solved so many complex issues within the natural sciences, as humanity (and within the social sciences) we are still struggling to understand the intricacies of being human. This programme will help you to explore some of the dynamics that inform human thought, attitudes and behaviour.

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    Each day we act and interact  with hundreds,  if not thousands of people in both  social settings and professional work environments. What informs our interactions in these engagements?  

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  Why do we relate differently to some people,  than to other people? Is our behaviour overtly or  covertly informed,  are  we conscious or unconscious of the factors driving  our responses, do we react  rationally and objectively or  are we swayed by our personal life stories and  subjectively lived experiences? Where does our stereotypes,  prejudice and unconscious biases come from? Why do we, willingly and  unwillingly discriminate  against people?  Are the above aspects all random or  are there logical explanations for such dynamics? These are some of the pertinent questions that will be explored in this e-leaning module 

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UNCONSCIOUS BIAS:  THE NEUROBIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 

Video clip to be inserted Script below to be read  by a senior Mediclinic Manager introducing  the programme: Welcome to the Unconscious Bias e-learning module. This module will deepen  your understanding of unconscious biases,  how they influence behaviour,  and how they impact us all.  You'll also learn numerous individual and  organisational strategies to help  counter bias in your own work environment. The module will help to explain  some of your thoughts,  attitudes and behaviour when engaging  with colleagues or interacting  with patients.  This is especially important given  the multicultural and extremely diverse environment of the medical profession. The module will demonstrate  how human interaction and  meaning making is guided  by our entrenched mental models,  cultural conditioning and  life experiences. It confirms the slogan that ' We do not see things as they are , we see things as we are'. The module sets out to create  awareness of our blind spots and  thereby to enable us to see  one another for who we truly are.  

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Introduction: What is Unconscious Bias? The psychology and neurobiology of unconscious bias Types of Unconscious Bias Awakening and awareness of my Unconscious Biases? Impact: Why is learning about Unconscious Bias Important? Mediclinic Unconscious Bias Case Studies Practical steps to minimize  & overcome Unconscious Bias  

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Plush question mark headband interrogation mark Network expression Doubt puzzled  face Funny toys|Clothing & Accessories for Plush Stuff| - AliExpress

Free Puzzled Smiley Face, Download Free Clip Art, Free Clip Art on Clipart  Library

Likert Scale: What it is and How to Use it? | Customer Success Blog |  Emojics

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FACT: ALL PEOPLE ARE BIASED  PERCEIVING ONE'S PERCEPTIONS,  JUDGMENTS AND BEHAVIOUR AS OBJECTIVE AND  UNBIASED, RAISES MANY QUESTIONS !!! 

It's important to understand  that we all have flawed perceptions of reality,  selected attention & unconscious biases.  Neurobiologically it's our brains' way of dealing  with an overload of information. Brain researchers estimate  the human mind takes in 11 million pieces of information per second through our senses,  whilst our brain consciously can only consider  about 40 pieces of information per second. 

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The implication: +99% of your everyday decisions and  snap judgements are made  by your unconscious is Read - The half‐second delay:  what follows?  Read - Mysteries of the mind and  snap judgements While we think we are being  deliberate, rational, and  thoughtful, our conscious thinking is  actually a very small part of what drives  our actions and judgments. No matter how well-meaning  we are, we are all susceptible to bias. It's our brains' way of making  sense of the flood of information that is coming  at us constantly. 

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Traditional perspectives assume  that discrimination point to conscious acts.  Recent revelations however point  out that more times than not,  people make choices that discriminate  against one group and in favour of another,  without even realising  that they are doing it.  These hard-wired unconscious biased decisions are  based on familiar, safe and  conditioned responses.  Unconscious biases are social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form  outside their own conscious awareness.  Everyone holds unconscious beliefs about various social and  identity groups, and these biases stem  from one's tendency to organize  social worlds by categorizing.  Biases are automatic, mental shortcut used  to process information & make  snap decisions. It categorises people and  things without being aware of it.  Our biases are guided by our past experiences,  culture, socialization,  media portrayals and other external influences. 

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Video clip to be inserted  - Scripts to be read by Mediclinic personnel Unconscious bias is a quick and  often inaccurate judgment based  on limited facts and our own life experiences. These judgments can give  individuals and groups both  unearned advantage and  unearned disadvantage in the workplace. Unconscious bias distorts  our lenses through which we see  the world ...  negatively impacting how we think , feel and behave towards others. It keeps us from seeing  the talents, motivations and  potential of people clearly ...  also impacting the way we interact  with them. _____________________________________________________________  Unconscious Bias is a bias that we are  unaware of, and which happens  outside of our control. It is a bias that happens  automatically and is triggered  by our brain making quick judgments and  assessments of people and  situations, influenced  by our background, cultural environment,  and personal experiences. When faced with decisions,  our mind often leap to these automatic associations.  Not surprisingly, our perceptions and  assumptions based on these automatic associations are  often incorrect.  

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Employers Network for Equality & Inclusion ( enei ) on unconscious bias https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbe5D3Yh43o

Understanding Unconscious Bias A neuroscientific and social psychology perspective

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FOUR FACTORS
THAT CAN MAKE A
SITUATION PRONE
TO BIAS:
1. TASK
2. NUMBERS
3. CLARITY
4. PERCEIVER

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Affinity: Preference for people who share  qualities with you / someone you like Anchoring: Tendency to rely  too heavily on the first piece of information offered  when you are making decisions  Attribution: Tendency to attribute  other people's successes to luck or  help from others and attribute  their failures to lack of skill or  personal shortcomings  Confirmation: Selective focus on information that supports  your initial opinion(s) Conformity: Tendency to be  swayed too much by the views of other people Contrast: Assessment of two or  more similar things by comparing  them with one another rather than looking  at their individual merits  Halo: Focus on one particularly positive feature about a person that clouds  your judgement  Horns: Focus on one particularly negative feature about a person that clouds  your judgement  

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Over 150 types of Unconscious Biases: Ageism, Name bias Racism, Ethnicity & Culture bias Gender and gender identification bias Socio-economic bias Religious bias Sexism and Sexual orientation bias, Beauty bias, Height bias ... 

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A QUICK UNCONSCIOUS BIAS DIPSTICK: TEST 1 

Four Candidate – 1 Position as Nurse Who will be appointed? 

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A Quick Unconscious Bias Dipstick: Test 1

Four Candidates: Who is the most competent? Rate them from most competent (1) to least competent (4)

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Cornell's first black female CS Ph.D. blazed her own trail | Cornell  Chronicle

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A Quick Unconscious Bias Dipstick: Test 2

Nobel Prize - Nobel Week Dialogue: Who do you trust most? | Facebook

The trusted 10:  Write down the names of the 10 people in your life you trust the most?

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Name Gender Race/ ethnicity  Language Age Sexual orientation Disability Yes or No Marital Status

Once you have written down the names of the 10 people you trust the most, complete the rest of table below

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What stands out when you look at the table? How diverse were the names you have written down? In which circle do you have the most and least diversity? What can you take from the activity?

Acquaintances Causal relationships Trusting relationships

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Taking an Implicit Association Test Test 3 

For many years, scientists have been working  on instruments to assess  unconscious bias (also known  as implicit associations). Of the various tools that are  available, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is  one of the most popular and  well-studied.  The IAT was developed as part of a project to detect  unconscious bias based  on several factors including  race, gender, sexual orientation and  national origin (Harvard University,  the University of Washington and  the University of Virginia).  To take one of the Implicit Association Tests (IAT) click  here (Race/Gender/sexual orientation...) 

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The IAT measures the relative strength of associations between pairs of concepts. It is designed as a sorting  task in which individuals are  asked to sort images or  words that appear on a computer screen into one of two categories.  The IAT is relatively resistant to social desirability concern,  and the reliability and  validity have been rigorously tested. The IAT is powerful instrument,  which has been used to explore  the impact of unconscious bias on behaviour.  Here are some examples highlighting  the use of the IAT in healthcare. 

A greater pro-White bias (measured  using the IAT) among physicians resulted  in an increased likelihood of prescribing  thrombolytics for White patients compared  to Blacks presenting with acute coronary syndrome (Green, 2007).  A greater pro-White bias (measured  using the IAT) was associated  with a greater inclination to prescribe  pain medications for White versus Black children (Sabin, 2012).  Greater pro-White bias (measured  using the IAT) was associated  with poorer ratings of interpersonal care among Black patients (Cooper, 2012). 

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Categorising is a natural process of our brain to make  sense of all incoming stimuli and  to give order to life - we thus group people and  objects into categories based  on social and other characteristics.  This fundamental ability of the human mind to quickly and  automatically categorize  people helped early humans to survive  by distinguishing friends from foes. Whilst not as applicable today,  the same (unconscious) processes take  place in our minds. The above dynamics serve  as the foundation of stereotypes,  prejudice and, ultimately,  discrimination.  

Unconscious Bias: The neurobiology and social psychology of human behaviour

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 Employers Network for Equality & Inclusion ( enei ) on unconscious bias https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbe5D3Yh43o

Unconscious Bias: The neurobiology and social psychology of human behaviour

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