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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

﴿علم الإنسان ما لم يعلم﴾

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The ability   to  acquire knowledge  and  new experience  which cause  relative permanent changes  in  the behavior

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Pavlov experiment:    food…………… salivation       (UCS)…………………. (UCR) Red light (natural stimulus)……….. no response Food + red light…… salivation Repetition:     Red light alone…… salivation          (CS)……………   (CR)

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It is a type of learning in which an  originally natural stimulus  comes to evoke  a new response  after having been  paired( associated)  with another stimulus  that  reflexively evoke the same response

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1.  (Acquisition) 2.  ( High-order conditioning) 3.  ( Predictability)

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4.  Decrease of the strength of the CS-CR relation that occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without being paired with the UCS.                           (Extinction) 5.  Return of the CR (salivation) after extinction. After a period of rest the dog salivates again if being presented with CS.                  ( Spontaneous recovery)

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6.  Transformation of the CS-CR relation to another stimulus similar to the original CS.                       (Generalization) 7.  Presentation of different stimuli and pairing the UCS (food) with only one of them, the one CS that the dog will salivate to it.             (Discrimination) or (selective conditioning)       Whereas  generalization  is a reaction to  similarities,       discrimination  is a reaction to  differences.

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the establishment of a connection between a stimulus and a response.                  (Reinforcement)     Reinforcers  are stimuli that increase the rate of the responses that follow them.      Reinforcers  can be positive or negative.     Punishment.

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The most  Rapid &  the most resistant to extinction

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2. Production of a new behavior by reinforcement of natural responses which approximate to the desired one.                          (Shaping) 3. Teaching a complex behavior by breaking them into simple components.                        ( Chaining)   4. Acquisition, Extinction and spontaneous recovery

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Systemic desensitization  . Aversion therapy  . Flooding  . Token economy. Biofeedback  . Others.

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Based on Pavlov's experiment, the more presentation of the light and the food together to the dog, the more the dog will salivate in response to the light if it presented alone. this is called: Acquisition. Generalization. Extinction. Discrimination.

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Based on Pavlov's experiment, if pink light and red light both provoke salivation , this will be called: Acquisition. Generalization. Extinction. Discrimination.

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Learning psychology by Pharmacy students is ……… learning: a conditioned. an operant . a model. a latent.

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Establishment of a connection between stimulus and a response is:     a. extinction.          b. reinforcement.     c. generalization.   d. spontaneous recovery. The schedule of reinforcement least resistant to extinction is:    a. continuous.      b. fixed time and no.    c. variable time and no.

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Teaching a complex behavior by breaking them into simple components is:      a. chaining.    b. shaping.         c. flooding.    d. systemic desensytization.

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اللهم اجعلنا من  المتحلين  بمكارم الأخلاق،  محسني  استغلال إبداعاتهم،  المتوازنين  في معاملاتهم، و معينين  إخواننا على ذلك. اللهم اجعلنا ممن  يستمعون القول  فيتبعون  أحسنه ؛  واجعلنا من  أحسن  الناس  قولا ؛ واجعلنا من  القليل ؛ ولا تجعلنا من أهل  ”وقد قيل“ ؛ ولا تجعلنا ممن  يأمرون  الناس  بالبر   وينسون أنفسهم  وهم يتلون الكتاب. وما أريد أن أخالفكم إلى ما أنهاكم عنه؛ إن أريد إلا الإصلاح ما استطعت، وما توفيقي إلا بالله؛ عليه توكلت وإليه أنيب. سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك، أشهد أن لا إله إلا أنت، أستغفرك وأتوب إليك.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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