Name: ပြည်ထောင်စုတရားစီရင်ရေးဥပဒေကို ပြင်ဆင်သည့်ဥပဒေ
Uploaded: 2022-05-08
Duration: 8 min 16 s
Description: . . သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေကိုပပင်ဆင်သည့် ဥပသေ. (၂၀၁၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ပပည်သောင်စုလွှတ်သတာ်ဥပသေအမှတ် ၇၃။ ).

. . သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေကိုပပင်ဆင်သည့် ဥပသေ. (၂၀၁၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ပပည်သောင်စုလွှတ်သတာ်ဥပသေအမှတ် ၇၃။ ). 

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သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေကိုပပင်ဆင်သည့် ဥပသေ

(၂၀၁၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ပပည်သောင်စုလွှတ်သတာ်ဥပသေအမှတ်    ၇၃။ )

၁၃၇၇ ခုနှစ်၊ နတ်သတာ်လဆန်း   ၁၃  ရက်

( ၂၀၁၅ ခုနှစ်၊ ေီဇင်ဘာလ    ၂၄     ရက်)

ပပည်သောင်စုလွှတ်သတာ်သည် ဤဥပသေကိုပပဋ္ဌာန်းလိုက်သည်။

၁။ 
ဤဥပသေကို သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေကိုပပင်ဆင်သည့် ဥပသေ ဟုသခါ်တွင်သစရမည်။

၂။ 
သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၃ တွင် -

(က) “Document” ဆိုသည့်စကားရပ် အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်၏သနာက်တွင် “In this expression,

electronic record and information are included” ဆိုသည့် စကားရပ်ကို

ပဖည့်စွက်ရမည်။

( ခ ) 
“Document”ဆိုသည့်စကားရပ်၏ ဥပမာကို သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း အစားေိုးရမည် -

(3) 
any label, marking or other writing which identifies or describes

anything of which it forms a part, or to which it is attached by

(4) 
any disc, tape, sound-track or other device in which sounds or

other data (not being visual images) are embodied so as to be

capable (with or without the aid of some other equipment) of

(5) 
any film (including microfilm), negative, tape, disc or other

device in which one or more visual images are embodied so as to

be capable (with or without the aid of some other equipment) of

(6) 
any paper or other material on which there are marks,

impressions, figures, letters, symbols or perforations having a

meaning for persons qualified to interpret them; and

. . 2. (7) Any record generated, sent, received or stored by means of. 

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(7) 
Any record generated, sent, received or stored by means of

electronic, magnetic, optical or any other similar technologies in

an information system or for transmission from one information

( ဂ ) သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၃ တွင်ပါရှိသသာ “Document” ဆိုသည့်စကားရပ် အဓိပ္ပာယ်

ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်နှင့် ဥပမာတို ့၏သနာက်တွင် “စာတမ်းအမှတ်အသား မိတ္တ ူ”ဆိုသည့် စကားရပ်

အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်ကို သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း ပဖည့်စွက်ရမည် -

(1) 
in the case of a document falling within paragraph (4) of above

illustration of the definition of “document,” a transcript of the

(2) 
in the case of a document falling within paragraph (5) of above

illustration of that definition, a reproduction or still reproduction

of the image or images embodied in it, whether enlarged or not;

(3) 
in the case of a document falling within paragraph (4) and (5) of

that definition, such a transcript together with such a still

(4) 
in the case of a document not falling within paragraph (5) of that

definition of which a visual image is embodied in a document

falling within that clause, a reproduction of that image, whether

enlarged or not,  and any reference to a copy of the material part

of a document must be construed accordingly.”

၃။ 
သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေ ပုေ်မ ၉ ဥပမာ(စ)၏သနာက်တွင် (ဆ)အပဖစ် သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း

“(g) A seeks to adduce evidence against B in the form of an electronic record.

The method and manner in which the electronic record was (properly or

improperly) generated, send, received or stored (by A or B), the reliability

of the devices and the circumstances in which the devices were (properly or

improperly) used or operated to generate, sent, receive or store the

electronic record, may be relevant facts (if the contents are relevant) as

. . 3. authenticating the electronic record and therefore as explaining or. 

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authenticating the electronic record and therefore as explaining or

introducing the electronic record, or identifying it as the relevant

electronic record to support a finding that the record is, or is not, what

၄။ 
သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၆၀ ၏ သနာက်တွင် ပုေ်မ ၆၀-က အပဖစ် သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း

“60 A. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, a person may, the

permission of the court, give evidence through a video conferencing

or live television link in any proceedings, if -

(a) the witness is below the age of 16 years;

(b) it is expressly agreed between the parties to the proceedings that

(c) the witness is outside the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; or

(d) the court is satisfied that it is expedient in the interests of

(2) In considering whether to give permission for a witness outside the

Republic of the Union of Myanmar to give evidence by live video

or live television link under this section, the court shall have

regard to all the circumstances of the case including the

(a) the reasons for the witness being unable to give evidence in

(b) the administrative and technical facilities and arrangements

made at the place where the witness is to give his evidence; and

(c) whether any party to the proceedings would be unfairly

(3) The court may, in giving permission under sub-section (1), make

an order on all or any of the following matters:

(a) the persons who may be present at the place where the witness

. . 4. (b) the person who may be excluded from the place while the. 

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(b) the person who may be excluded from the place while the

(c) the persons in the court who must be able to be heard, or seen

and heard, by the witness and by the persons with the witness;

(d) the person in the court who must not be able to be heard, or

seen and heard, by the witness and by the persons with the

(e) the person in the court who must be able to see and hear the

witness and the persons with the witness;

(f) the stages in the proceedings during which a specified part of

(g) the method of operation of the live video or live television

link system including compliance with the appropriate

technical standards as may be determined by the Chief Justice

(h) any other order the court considers necessary in the interests

(4) The court may revoke, suspend or vary any order made under this

(a) the live video or live television link system stops working and

it would cause unreasonable delay to wait until a working

(b) it is necessary for the court to do so to comply with its duty to

ensure that the proceedings are conducted fairly to the parties

(c) it is necessary for the court to do so, so that the witness can

identify a person or a thing or so that the witness can

participate in or view a demonstration or an experiment;

(d) it is necessary for the court to do so because part of the

proceedings is being heard outside a court; or

. . 5. (e) there has been a material change in the circumstances after the. 

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(e) there has been a material change in the circumstances after the

(5) The court shall not make an order under this section, or include a

particular provision in such an order, if to do so would be

inconsistent with the court's duty to ensure that the proceedings are

conducted fairly to the parties to the proceedings.

(6) An order made under this section shall not cease to have effect

merely because the person in respect of whom it was made attains

the age of 16 years before the proceedings in which it was made

(7) Evidence given by a witness, whether in the Republic of the Union

of Myanmar or elsewhere, through a video conferencing or live

television link by virtue of this section shall be deemed for the

purposes of section 193, 194, 195, 196, 205 and 209 of the Penal

Code as having been given in the proceedings in which it is given.

(8) Where a witness gives evidence in accordance with this section, he

shall, for the purpose of this Act, be deemed to be giving evidence

၅။ 
သက်သသခံ အက်ဥပသေ ပုေ်မ ၆၂ ရှင်းလင်းချက်(၂)နှင့် ဥပမာ၏သနာက်တွင် သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း

ပဖည့်စွက်ရမည် -

“Explanation 3 – Notwithstanding anything contained in Explanation 2, if a

copy of a document expressed in section 3 in the form of an electronic record

is shown to reflect that document accurately, then the copy is primary

(a) An electronic record, which has been manifestly or consistently

acted on, relied upon, or used as the information recorded or stored

on the computer system, is primary evidence of that document.

(b) If the electronic record has not been manifestly or consistently

acted on, relied upon, or used as a record of the information in the

document, the electronic record may be treat as secondary evidence

. . 6. ၆။ သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၆၃၊ ပုေ်မခွဲ (၂)ကို သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း အစားေိုးရမည်-. 

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၆။ 
သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၆၃၊ ပုေ်မခွဲ (၂)ကို သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း အစားေိုးရမည်-

“(2) except for copies referred to Explanation 3 to Section 62, copies made

from the original by electronic, electrochemical, chemical, magnetic,

mechanical, optical, telematics or other technical processes, which in

themselves ensure the accuracy of the copy, and copies compared with

၇။ 
သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၆၇ ၏သနာက်တွင် ပုေ်မ ၆၇-က အပဖစ် သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း

“67A. Where any existing law requires a signature, or provides for certain

consequences if a document or a record is not signed, that requirement

is satisfied in relation to an electronic record if-

(a) 
a method is used to identify the person and to indicate that

person's intention in respect of the information contained in the

(i) as reliable as appropriate for the purpose for which the

electronic record was generated or communicated, in the

light of all the circumstances, including any relevant

(ii) proven in fact to have fulfilled the functions described in

sub-section (a), by itself or together with further evidence.

၈။ 
သက်သသခံအက်ဥပသေပုေ်မ ၁၁၄ ၏ သနာက်တွင် ပုေ်မ ၁၁၄-က အပဖစ် သအာက်ပါအတိုင်း

“114A. (1) Unless evidence sufficient to raise doubt about the presumption is

adduced, where a device or process is one that, or is of a kind

that, if properly used, ordinarily produces or accurately

communicates an electronic record, the court shall presume that

in producing or communicating that electronic record on the

occasion in question, the device or process produced or

accurately communicated the electronic record.

. . 7. Illustration. A seeks to adduce evidence in the form of an electronic record or. 

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A seeks to adduce evidence in the form of an electronic record or

document produced by an electronic device or process. A proves

that the electronic device or process in question is one that, or is

of a kind that, if properly used, ordinarily produces that

electronic record or document. This is a relevant fact for the

court to presume that in producing the electronic record or

document on the occasion in question, the electronic device or

process produced the electronic record or document which A

(2) 
Unless evidence to the contrary is adduced, the court shall

presume that any electronic record generated, recorded or stored

is authentic if it is established that the electronic record was

generated, recorded or stored in the usual and ordinary course of

business by a person who was not a party to the proceedings on

the occasion in question and who did not generate, record or

store it under the control of the party seeking to introduce the

A seeks to adduce evidence against B in the form of an electronic

record. The fact that the electronic record was generated,

recorded or stored in the usual and ordinary course of business

by C, a neutral third party, is a relevant fact for the court to

presume that the electronic record is authentic.

(3) 
Unless evidence to the contrary is adduced, where an electronic

record was generated, recorded or stored by a party who is

adverse in interest to the party seeking to adduce the evidence,

the court shall presume that the electronic record is authentic in

relation to the authentication issues arising from the generation,

recording or storage of that electronic record.

. . 8. Illustration. A seeks to adduce evidence against B in the form of an electronic. 

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recorded or stored by B, who opposes the relevance of the

evidence is a relevant fact for the court to presume that the

(4) 
For the purposes of subsection (2), in criminal proceedings a party

(a) the police officer or other officer of a law enforcement

agency who was involved in the investigation of offences

allegedly committed by the accused person; or

(b)  an accomplice of the accused person even though he is not

charged with an offence in the same proceedings.

(5) 
The matters referred to in this section may be established by an

affidavit given to the best of the deponent's knowledge and

ပပည်သောင်စုသမ္မတပမန်မာနိုင်ငံသတာ် ဖွဲ ့စည်းပုံအသပခခံဥပသေအရ ကျွန်ုပ်လက်မှတ်သရးေိုးသည်။

နိုင်ငံသတာ်သမ္မတ

ပပည်သောင်စုသမ္မတပမန်မာနိုင်ငံသတာ်

ပြည်ထောင်စုတရားစီရင်ရေးဥပဒေကို ပြင်ဆင်သည့်ဥပဒေ

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