A presentation on: Wildlife Conservation

A presentation on : Wildlife Conservation. By : Name:- Snehal Ravindra Vyavhare Std. 10 th , Div:- C , Roll No. 20.

Meaning of wildlife conservation. Wildlife : According to the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, wildlife includes any animal, bees, butterfly, crustacean, fish and moth; and aquatic or land vegetation, which form part of any habitat. Example: lion, deer, crocodiles, whales, trees and shrubs in dense forests etc..

Benefits of Wildlife. Wildlife is an essential component of various food chains, food webs, biogeochemical cycles and energy flow through various trophic levels. Preserves vitality and health of environment and provides stability to various ecosystems.

Did you know??. Wildlife is a symbol of national pride and cultural heritage. Over 100 years ago, there were over 1 lakh tigers across Asia whereas today this number is below 5000 worldwide. Wildlife is renewable source of a large variety of commercial products like food, leathers, honey, herbal medicines, timber etc. Scientists and medical researchers use wildlife animals as research materials on which trial experiments are performed before there actual application to human beings ( Eg. Xenotransplantation ). Project Tiger and Gir Lion Project have been launched by the government of India to protect the tiger and lion population in country..

Threats to wildlife. Wildlife everywhere on the earth is under threat of extinction and struggling hard for survival..

Introduction of exotic species : Many native species have known to disappear and their existence is under threat because of the introduction of exotic and alien species..

National parks. A national park is protected area of land in which a typical ecosystem with all its wild plants and animals are protected and preserved in natural surroundings..

NAME STATE IN WHICH LOCATED ANIMAL(S) PROTECTED Jim Corbett National Park Uttarakhand Tiger (EN) Kaziranga National Park Assam Rhinoceros (CR) Hazaribagh National Park Jharkhand Tiger (EN) Kanha National Park MP Tiger (EN) Cheetah (VU) Sundarbans Tiger Reserve West Bengal Bengal Tiger (EN) Gir National Park Gujarat Asiatic lion (EN) Bandipur National Park Karnataka Elephant (VU) Tiger (EN) Desert National Park Rajasthan Great Indian Bustard (CR) Black buck (NT).

Wildlife Sanctuary. A sanctuary is a protected are of land, wetland or sea reserved for the conservation of wild animals, birds and plants..

NAME STATE IN WHICH LOCATED ANIMAL/BIRD PROTECTED Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary Rajasthan (Bharatpur) Siberian crane, famous for birds Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary Odisha Water fowls Cranes Ducks M anas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam Panther Tiger Rhinoceros Dachigam Sanctuary J&K Kashmiri stag Musk snow leopard Madhumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Tamil Nadu (Nilgiri hills) Elephant Four-horned antelope Nagarjunasagar Sanctuary AP Tiger Panther Periyar Sanctuary Kerala Elephant Balmiki Nagar Tiger Reserve Bihar Tiger.

Biosphere reserves. Biosphere reserves are a specific category of protected area of land and/or coastal area wherein tribal people native to the area are an integral part of the system. The concept of Biosphere Reserve was conceived by the UN and was launched in 1975 as a part of UNESCO’ s “Man and Biosphere” Programme. In bioreserves various uses of land are permitted by dividing it into 3 distinct zones viz, Core Zone, Buffer Zone and Transition Zone. The government of India has established 18 biosphere reserves..

NAME STATE IN WHICH LOCATED ANIMAL(S) PROTECTED Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu Kerala Karnataka Nilgiri Tahr Lion-tailed macaque Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu Dugong Sea Cow Sundarbans National Park West Bengal Royal Bengal Tiger Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Uttarakhand Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya Red Panda Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh Giant Squirrel Flying Squirrel Simlipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha Royal Bengal Tiger Wild Elephant Gaur Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve Chhattisgarh Madhya Pradesh Wide range of flora and fauna Nicobar Islands Andaman & Nicobar Islands Saltwater Crocodile.

Conservation measures. The conservation strategies should include the following programmes and policies: Protection of threatened/useful plants and animals species living in natural habitats, zoological and botanical gardens, seed gene, tissue culture and DNA banks. Preservation of critical habitats of animal and plant species plus the management of life supporting systems in the surrounding habitats. Hunting and international trade in wild animals and plants products should be regulated and a strict vigil should be maintained upon these actions. Role of government and NGOs in spreading awareness programmes among common people about values of wildlife and it’s conservation ..

IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources).

“ Protected areas and threatened species could most effectively be safeguarded if local people considered it in their own interest to do so. Working with rather than against local people became a major working principle for IUCN . ”.

The union has identified and documented endangered species of plants and animals and has placed them into eight “Red list” categories. The red list categories can be regrouped into four main categories as follows: EXTINCT SPECIES ENDANGERD SPECIES VULNERNABLE SPECIES RARE SPECIES.

Other measures taken for Wildlife conservation. Breeding programmes for endangered species Prevention of poaching, hunting and biopiracy.

Enforcement of legal provisions. abstract. Some important legal provisions related to wildlife protection and conservation:.

Forest conservation act, 1980. India is one among a few countries in the world which has a Forest Act since 1927. The act was reformulated in 1980 and later amended in 1988. The Act empowered the government and the forest department To create and manage reserved forests, protected forests and village forests. To protect non-governmental forests and forest land. To control movement of forest produce. To control and regulate cattle grazing..

National forest policy, 1988. In the year 1952, India formulated her first forest policy which laid more emphasis on revenue generation than on sustainability of forests and their natural functions. The new forest policy emphasises conservation of forests as a natural heritage and ensures environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium which is so vital for life and growth of all life forms including wildlife..

Wildlife protection act, 1972 (Amended 1991, 2002).

International rules and laws. Many nations have reached bilateral/multilateral agreements and have framed rules and regulations for protection and conservation of wildlife. Some of these are: AFRICAN CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 1968. CONVENTION OF WETLANDS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE (RAMSAR CONVENTION), 1971 CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURE AND NATIONAL HERITAGE ACT, 1972.

. Than You. By: Snehal R Vyavhare.