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RUSSIA – UKRAINE CONFLICT.

ICELAND PORT. SPAIN The Econornist M urmansk FINLAND NORWAY• Former border between East & West Germany NETH. SWEDEN EStONlA Baltic TVIA Sea LITH. BRITAIN BELG. FRANCE Kali •ngrad erlin POLAND CZECH REP. RUSSIA St Petersburg Moscow BELARUS Kyiv UKRAINE MOLDOVA NATO members January 2022 By joining date 1949-1989 1990s 2000s 201 os 500 km KAZAKH- STAN Controlled by Russian-backed separatists GERMANY ITALY ienna UNGARY ROMANIA Bucharest SERB. BOS. BULGARI KOS. MONT. ,CrimeÅ' Sevastopol Black Sea TURKEY -GEORGIA.

Zemlya Frantsa-losifa BARD NORWAY) Novaya Zemlya RUSSIA (EUROPE) St Petersburg NizjniJ Rostov • Novgorod Kazan MOSCOW Ostrov Shmidt Os tr Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsil ARCTIC Ostrov Borshevik RUSSIA (ASIA) Yekaterinburg Omsk Chelyabinsk' BELARUS — UKRAINE Black Seg TURKEY Samara KAZAKHSTAN L UZBEKISTAN Novosibirsk MONGOLIA CHINA U.S.A 1,000 Miles 1 goo 2.000 Kilometers.

1990 NATO 2019 NATO NATO s s. Reason behind:. Russia has consistently opposed the eastward expansion of NATO - for instance: The Russo- Georgian war (2008) - citing that it impacts Russia's strategic interests In the past cold war era, the expansion of NATO has consistently sought to undercut Russia's sphere of influence in the erstwhile Soviet union nations Origins of the current developments can be traced back to the cold war era geopolitics of the western allies that sought to contain the erstwhile USSR.

Ostrov Bennetta NEW SCEERfAN Ostrov - e Ostrov Zhannetty We—nnette O c Ostro v Vrangely•a Island) Ostro v 'Hedrvy•y Island) — Ostro v G (Herald — Russia CANADA UNITED STATES (Alaska) rnaritirne boundary.

ASHUTOSH.