Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Concepts in Pathophysiology (10201)U3232084. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

Introduction To HPV. Most common STI in Australia HPV is either low-risk or high-risk Low-risk cause warts on the body including genital and anus High-risk causes cancers 90% of anal cancers 78% of vaginal cancers 25% of vulvar cancers 50% of penile cancers 60% of oropharyngeal cancers 70% cervical cancers ( Huether , McCance, Brashers, & Rote, 2019) (Cancer Coucil , 2021).

Risk factors. “Low-Risk” Warts “High-Risk ” Cancers Overall risk factors Poor genital hygiene Smoking Early age at marriage Having multiple sexual partners Cervical Vaginal Vulval Penile Anal Oropharyngeal Anus Genitals Mouth Hands Feet Multiple pregnancies.

Pathophysiological concept and Pathophysiological state ( Nahand , et al., 2019).

Clinical manifestations ( Huether S. , McCance, Brashers, & Rote, 2019) (Beltman, Reis, Musheshe , Stroeken , & de Fouw , 2019).

Prevention and Treatment. Gardasil vaccine for both men and women Using condoms during sexual activity Cervical screenings Antiviral creams and lotions to treat warts Cryotherapy and lasering is antiviral treatment does not work.

Education. Educate patients on risks, treatments, preventions and outcomes. Cervical screening for women over 25 years old every 5 years. Vaccine programs for Gardasil. Health staff need to remain non bias and supportive during all conversations. (McBride & Singh, 2018).

Reference List. Australian Government Department of Health. (2019, June). Understanding HPV . Retrieved from Human Papillomavirus: https://www.hpv.com.au/what-is-hpv Beltman, J., Reis, R., Musheshe, M., Stroeken, Y., & de Fouw, M. (2019). International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. 160 Involving Men in Cervical Cancer Prevention , 73. Cancer Coucil. (2021). Cancer Information HPV . Retrieved from Cancer Council: https://www.cancer.org.au/what-is-hpv Department of Health. (2022, February 21). Australian Government Department of Health . Retrieved from Cancer Council: https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/hpv-human-papillomavirus Huether, E. S., McCance, L. K., Brashers, L. V., & Rote, S. N. (2019). Alterations of the Reproductive System Across the Life Span. In E. S. Huether, L. K. McCance, L. V. Brashers, & S. N. Rote, Understanding Pathophysiology (p. 1025). Chatswood: Elsevier. Huether, S., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V., & Rote, N. S. (2019). Alterations of the Integumentary System Across the Life Span. In S. Huether, K. L. McCance, V. L. Brashers, & N. S. Rote, Understanding Pathophysiology (p. 471). Chatswood: Elsever. McBride, K. R., & Singh, S. (2018, January 1). Predictors of Adults' Knowledge and Awareness of HPV, HPV-associated Cancers, and the HPV Vaccine: Implications for Health Education . Retrieved from Health Education & Behavior: https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/doi/full/10.1177/1090198117709318 Nahand, J. S., Moghoofei, M., Salmaninejad, A., Bahmanpour, Z., Karimzadeh, M., Mirzaei, H. R., . . . Mirzaei, H. (2019, September 30). Pathogenic role of exosomes and mirocRNAS and HPV-mediated inflammation and cervical cancer. Retrieved from Wiley Online Library: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/doi/full/10.1002/ijc.32688 Rezqalla, J., Alshatti, M., Ibraheem, A., Omar, D., Al-Failakawi, H., AlHaqqan, S., . . . Akhtar, S. (2021). Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In J. Rezqalla, M. Alshatti, A. Ibraheem, D. Omar, H. Al-Failakawi, S. AlHaqqan, . . . S. Akhtar, Journal of Infection and Public Health (pp. 661-667). Amsterdam: Elsvier. Widschwendter, A., Bottcher, B., Riedl, D., Coban, S., Gothe, R. M., Ciresa-Konig, A., . . . Fessler, S. (2019). Recurrence of Genitals Warts in Pre-HPV Vaccine Era After Laser Treatment. General Gyneology , 661-667..