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What Is A Thermal Scanner ?  How Does A Thermal Scanner Work? The Working Principle  Uses Of Thermal Scanner  Benefits  Limitations  Thermal Scanner During COVID 19 Pandemic

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A  THERMAL SCANNER  is a device that can read an individual's temperature and assess if he may or may not have a high body temperature. Using  infrared  sensing, it is held before an individual at just above eye level and it is able to carefully evaluate the person's current body temperature It is non- invasive (uses no radiation). It is a procedure that detects, records and produces a careful analysis and image of skin surface temperature pattern as a reflection, of normal or abnormal human physiology. In it’s simplest terms, thermography means “PICTURE OF HEAT”. It has an image frequency able to visualize the line at very high speed. The system measures in a range of 40°C to 500°C.

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Before we understand how a Thermal Scanner works, we first need to know the parts of the thermal scanner. A  Thermal Scanner  consists of 5 Components –

AN OPTIC SYSTEM DETECTOR  AMPLIFIER  SIGNAL PROCESSING  DISPLAY

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Working of the Thermal Scanner : First, the camera locks on a person’s face then the system software locates the  hottest point on the face (like the corner of the eyes ) and captures the person’s precise body temperature which will be displayed. Detail explanation : A special lens focuses the infrared light emitted by all of the objects in view.          The focused light is scanned by a  phased array  of infrared-detector elements.  The detector elements create a very detailed temperature pattern called a  thermogram .  4. It only takes about one-thirtieth of a second for the detector array to obtain  the temperature information to make the thermogram.

This information is obtained from several thousand points in the field of view of the detector array. The thermogram created by the detector   elements is translated into electric impulses. 5.The impulses are sent to a signal-processing unit, a circuit board with a dedicated chip that translates the information from the elements into data for the display. 6. The signal-processing unit sends the information to the display, where it appears as various colors depending on the intensity of the infrared emission. The combination of all the impulses from all of the elements creates the image.

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The Principle of infrared thermography is based on the physical phenomenon that any bod of a temperature above absolute zero(-273.15°C) emits electromagnetic radiation. There is clear correlation between the surface of a body and the intensity and spectral composition of its emitted radiation .

IR Detector
Lens
IR Waves
IR Image
Signal Processor

Highest Energy
102
014
Wavelength (nm)
04
Infrard
106
1 012
LWIR
Lowest Energy
108
1010
Frequency (s')
wavelength (pm)
NIR
SWIR
MWIR

Based on the intensity of the IR radiation, it determines the temperature of the object’s surface , and make it visible for the human eye with a thermal image . In principle , thermal imagers thus  translate wavelengths from the infrared spectrum into wavelength which are visible to human eye. The hotter an object is, the more infrared radiation it produces. Thermal cameras cab see this radiation and converter it to an image that we can then see with our eyes .

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Originally developed for military use during the Korean Ear, thermal imaging cameras have migrated to other fields and have found many uses. Some of these uses are:

Firefighters use them to see through the smoke, find people and localize hotspots of fire. Power line maintenance technicians locate overheating joints and parts to eliminate potential failure. Where thermal insulation becomes faulty, building construction technicians can see heat leaks to  improve the efficiencies of cooling or heating.  Law enforcement uses the technology to manage surveillance activities, locate and apprehend suspects, investigate crime scenes and conduct search and rescue operations. Physiological activities, such as fever, in human beings and over warm- blooded animals can also be monitored with thermographic imaging. They are also common tools used by home inspectors.

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There are many benefits of Thermal Imaging Camera . Few of them are : The person who handles the personal imaging system is not requires to be physically close to the person being evaluated. In fact, the person who handles the thermal imaging system could be in a different area or room. The thermal imaging system may measure surface skin temperature faster than the typical forehead or oral (mouth) thermometer that requires a close distance or physical contact with the person being evaluated. Scientific studies show that, when used correctly, thermal imaging systems generally measure surface skin temperature accurately.

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Though there are many benefits and uses of thermal scanner, there are few limitations of it also. Few of them are : The thermal imaging systems measure surface skin temperature, which is usually lower than a temperature measured orally. Thermal imaging systems must be adjusted properly to correct for this difference in measurement. These systems work effectively only when all the following are true : The systems are used in right environment or location. The systems are set up and operated correctly. The person being assessed is prepared according to instructions. The person handling the thermal imaging system is properly trained.  Thermal imaging systems have not been shown to be accurate when used to take the temperature of multiple people at the same time. The accuracy of these system depends on careful set-up and operation, as well as proper preparation of the person being evaluated.

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THERMAL SCANNER DURING  COVID 19 PANDEMIC

Thermal Scanner played an important role since the  COVID 19 Pandemic . It is used to  detect high  body temperature. Thermal Scanner cannot detect the presence of COVID 19 in an individual but as we are aware that one of the major symptoms of COVID 19 is  Fever . So thermal scanning helps in the detecting the higher temperatures in an individual. If anyone has a high body temperature then a  COVID test  is done to verify that if a person is having  COVID 19 Virus  within him and accordingly steps are taken for it. These days Thermal Scanning is one of the important step everywhere so that to mitigate the spread of COVID 19. It acts as an helper to the  frontline workers .

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Presented By : Soumyashree Mishra  M Chetan Sanjay Ram  Daniel A Mumford  D N S Abhay  G L Vishal  S P Rahul  K Atiksh

THERMAL SCANNER : A FRONTLINER'S HELP