The Evolution of Central Processing Unit

[Virtual Presenter] Good morning everyone! It is an honor to be here today. As you know, the topic of our meeting today is the Evolution of Central Processing Unit, and we will be discussing how the CPU has evolved over the years, and how its speed is measured in hertz. Let's take a look at the first slide to get started!.

[Audio] The Central Processing Unit of a computer is the brain of the system and can be divided into four generations. With the first generation utilizing vacuum tubes for electronic technology, the second generation using transistors, third generation integrated circuits, and fourth generation microprocessors, each generation represents an advancement in technology that makes processing units smaller, more efficient, and powerful..

[Audio] From the 1940s, the first generation of computers made their start with vacuum tubes as the electronic technology of choice. Due to the amount of power the tubes consumed, and the amount of heat they produced, a cooling system was required. In fact, these computers were so large that they took up an entire room. Their speed of operation was measured in milliseconds, and they had a hefty cost for both production and maintenance. Of these first generation computers, some of the more notable ones were the ENIAC, UNIVAC and EDVAC..

[image]. ENIAC-Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 1945.

[image] _ Cpj 00. Vacuum Tubes used in ENIAC.

[image]. UNIVAC -1947.

[image] C3•OCu t.„v.to. EDVAC-1951.

[Audio] Second Generation computers evolved from 1956 to 1963, leveraging the transistor to drastically reduce power consumption, making them extra small and faster than the previous First Generation computers. Speed was measured in microseconds, with the price of computers such as the IBM 7030 or the CDC 1604 being especially expensive..

[image]. IBM 7030.

[image] aaa. CDC 1604.

[Audio] Integrated circuits were used for the third generation of computers, from 1964 to 1971. This reduced power consumption compared to the second generation and made computers smaller and faster, with execution speeds measured in nanoseconds. Additionally, this technology made computers more cost effective. Examples of notable computers from that period are the IBM 360 and the CDC 6600..

[image] . ccc. IBM 360.

CDC 6600. [image] 6600 wiki.sjs.org/.

[Audio] Fourth generation computers started in 1971 and have remained current to this day. Compared to third generation computers, these are more power efficient due to their use of microprocessors. They are also smaller and more cost effective. Performance is rated in MIPS (Million of Instructions Per Second) and Picoseconds. Examples of fourth generation computers include today's modern computers..

[Audio] Beginning with the first model from Apple released in 1976, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) has seen major advancements in power, design, and affordability. The Apple S667, with its base price of $1995, was the beginning of the journey through the years to 2009 when Apple released the Unibody, with a base price of $1199. Throughout this 44-year span, Apple has enabled users to experience increasingly powerful performance without a commensurate cost..

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[Audio] Central processing unit, commonly known as CPU, is responsible for executing instructions in a computer system. Speed of a CPU is measured in hertz and can be further divided into kilo hertz (1000 Hz), mega hertz (1000 000 Hz) and giga hertz (1000 000 000 Hz). That was the end of presentation. Thank you for listening..