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Corporate Actions: Corporate Actions are events initiated by the issuers that affect the holder’s portfolio. CAs are divided into: Mandatory, Mandatory with choice, and Voluntary. Every CA is linked to a set of dates and relevant details. Bonds: Bonds are financial instruments that are equivalent to a loan. Owning a bond includes cashflows: Coupon payments + Final redemption. CAs on bonds usually affect the cashflow schedule involved in owning a bond. Equities: Equities are financial instruments that represent ownership in the issuing institution. An equity market value fluctuates depending on a set of variables and indicates the global health of an institution. CAs on equities usually involves receiving rewards or a change in the quantity..