Cannabis: Abuse, Effects, and Treatment

[Audio] Welcome to cannabis abuse, effects, and treatment presentation. My name is Mihaela Vladu, and I will discuss cannabis use's history, prevalence, risk factors, side effects, and treatment options. We will examine US cannabis use epidemiology, short- and long-term effects, abuse symptoms, and overdose risk. I will also demonstrate a comprehensive cannabis treatment plan that includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, patient education, referrals, and follow-up. We will conclude with key takeaways and the importance of addressing cannabis abuse in society. Thanks for coming and let us start..

[Audio] Cannabis, or marijuana, comes from the Cannabis sativa plant. Its "high" comes from THC. Cannabis has long been used recreationally and medicinally. Although this status is changing in some states and countries, many regions classify it as a Schedule I drug with a high abuse potential and no medical use. Some regions allow recreational and medicinal cannabis use, while others ban it. This legal disparity affects its prevalence and public perception of safety and acceptability..

[Audio] For thousands of years, cannabis has been used medicinally and ritualistically. This use increased in the 20th century, especially during the 1960s counterculture. The 1937 Marijuana Tax Act was one of the first federal laws to criminalize cannabis. The second half of the 20th century saw recreational use rise despite legal restrictions. Recent trends toward legalization for medicinal and recreational use reflect changing social attitudes and recognition of its therapeutic potential. However, cannabis safety and effects debates continue..

[Audio] Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the US among teens and adults. Kesner and Lovinger (2021) report that cannabis use has increased due to state legalization. Cannabis use increased due to stress and self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many cannabis users develop mental health disorders after abuse. Some studies show that cannabis use is higher in legal states. Its effects on mental health and development remain public health concerns. High rates: Cannabis use is prevalent among US teens and young adults.30.7% of 12th graders used cannabis in the past year (2022). 6.3% of 12th graders used cannabis daily in the past month (2022). Cannabis use among young adults reached an all-time high in 2021, with 29% reporting past-month use. Increased use in legalized states: Frequent cannabis use rose more among young adults aged 21-23 compared to 18-20-year-olds in legalized states..

[Audio] Several factors increase cannabis abuse risk. The developing brain makes adolescents vulnerable. Cannabis use and its complications are also more likely in people with psychological disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic showed how stress and isolation increase usage. Genetics, socioeconomic status, and peer pressure also affect cannabis use. Cannabis' social acceptance and perceived harmlessness increase its use in some populations. Targeted interventions and prevention require understanding these risk factors..

[Audio] THC is responsible for cannabis' short-term effects. Recreational use is driven by euphoria and relaxation. Cannabis also alters time and space perception, impairing judgment and coordination. Driving can be dangerous due to memory and concentration issues. Cannabis increases heart rate and appetite, causing "the munchies." Dry mouth and bloodshot eyes are standard. High doses can cause anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and other mental health issues..

[Audio] Long-term cannabis use has many side effects. With chronic use, cognitive impairment and memory loss are severe. Cannabis use increases the risk of anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Cannabis smoke can cause respiratory issues like tobacco. Cannabis can cause addiction and use disorders. Chronic use can cause "a motivational syndrome", which lowers motivation and productivity. Adolescent users may also harm brain development..

[Audio] Cannabis abuse symptoms must be identified early for treatment. Red, bloodshot eyes and a persistent cough are signs. Poor academic or work performance and social withdrawal are behavioral signs. Irritation or lethargy may also occur suddenly. Cannabis costs can lead to financial issues like frequent borrowing or selling personal items. Early detection of these signs can help healthcare providers and family members help cannabis abusers..

[Audio] Despite the low risk of fatal cannabis overdose, high doses can be harmful. High-dose cannabis can cause severe anxiety, psychosis, and panic attacks. Suicidal ideation is increased by chronic use, especially in people with mental health issues. Cannabis alone is unlikely to be used as a suicide weapon, but co-use with other substances can increase overdose risk and complicate emergency response. These risks must be understood for healthcare providers to treat cannabis use disorders..

[Audio] Treatment and recovery for cannabis users require a comprehensive care plan. Patient-specific care plans should address pharmacological and non-pharmacological needs. Harm reduction and recovery should be prioritized. Long-term success requires patient education and support in the care plan. Regular follow-up and reassessment are needed to track progress and adjust treatment. This holistic approach gives patients the tools and resources they need to overcome cannabis use disorder and live healthier lives..

[Audio] There are few FDA-approved cannabis use disorder medications. Some drugs are promising. To reduce cannabis use, naltrexone and gabapentin have been studied. Anxiety, insomnia, and other withdrawal symptoms may be treated with medications. Co-occurring mental health conditions may require antidepressants and anxiolytics. Patients must be monitored for side effects and drug interactions. New pharmacological treatments for cannabis use disorders are being investigated..

[Audio] Comprehensive cannabis use disorder treatment must include non-pharmacological treatments. One of the most effective treatments is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps patients identify and change problematic behaviors and thoughts. Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) can help patients quit cannabis. Contingency management promotes sobriety with positive reinforcement. Support groups and peer counseling offer accountability and social support. Meditation and stress reduction can reduce cravings and stress. Lifestyle changes can improve well-being and recovery..

[Audio] Cannabis use disorder treatment requires patient education. Patients can make informed decisions by learning about cannabis risks and side effects. Discussing legal and health effects is crucial. Managing cravings and promoting healthy coping can aid recovery. Stressing the importance of family and friends can help recovery. Patients should receive literature, websites, and local support groups for ongoing education and support. Effective education empowers patients to manage recovery..

[Audio] Comprehensive treatment often requires referrals to substance abuse programs. Mental health professionals can treat co-occurring psychological conditions. Use community resources and support groups for extra support and accountability. Keeping primary care providers helps maintain health and well-being. Engaging family and friends in support can improve recovery. Encouragement of rehabilitation programs can provide structured and intensive support, improving recovery chances. For best results, referrals should be patient-specific..

[Audio] Cannabis use disorder patients need regular follow-up. Appointments allow for treatment plan evaluation and problem-solving. Follow-up visits should reassess symptoms, adjust medications, and evaluate non-pharmacological interventions. Encourage support groups and therapy participation to boost recovery. Early intervention and relapse monitoring can prevent setbacks. A solid therapeutic alliance promotes trust and communication. Long-term follow-up helps patients stay sober and healthy..

[Audio] In conclusion, cannabis use disorder requires pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, patient education, and ongoing support. Cannabis prevalence, risk factors, and effects must be understood for effective intervention and treatment. Early detection and personalized care plans improve outcomes. Recovery requires regular follow-up and supportive environments. Healthcare providers can help patients overcome cannabis use disorder and live healthier lives by providing education and resources. Thank you for your time. Please ask any questions..

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