CHEMICAL STERILIZATION (Disinfection)

CHEMICAL STERILIZATION ( Disinfection ). CHEMICAL STERILIZATION (Disinfection).

Introduction to Sterilization. Sterilization has come to the surface during 3000BC by the Egyptians. Tar and pitch were used as an Antiseptic. Meanwhile, in 1680 a pressure cooker was invented by French physicist Denis Papin . This method works by trapping boiling water’s steam and was found to cleanse objects by cooking it. Hundreds of years later new inventions came that have modernized and made it possible to sterilize gowns, dressings, and linen using steam. In the 1860s, Denis Papin and microbiologist Louis Pasteur greatly open the minds of people on how germs can cause disease. A technique using Carbolic acid as a spray to disinfect instruments was introduced by an English physician, Joseph Lister. Steam sterilization became widely used in the 1800s. Surgical appliance were also made with better materials to allow them to be processed at higher temperatures with smooth surfaces. In the 1900s numerous enhancements included sterilization with steam, filtration, and radiation. Ethylene Oxide was the most frequent chemical that was used in sterilization as it can be used on almost every apparatus either metal or non-metal. When it requires an object to come in contact with the body, cleanliness becomes vital. It was acknowledged during ancient times and continues to develop today for the welfare of patients..

What’s the different between sterilization and disinfecting???.

Sterilization. Disinfectant. Harmful organisms are being remove from objects during the process disinfecting. Typically done by applying chemical sprays or wipes.

Prevents the potential spread of harmful bacteria.

Factors Affecting Sterilization. the larger the area contaminated by microbes the more heat needed.

Method of Sterilization. Line arrow Straight. Line arrow Straight.

Physical Sterilization.

1. Heat Sterilization. . . . . . . Generally quick and best method..

Dry Heat. Dry heat sterilization is one of the most useful and ideal types of sterilization, utilizing blown hot air to wipe out or deactivate all types of life inside the chamber of an industrial oven..

How Dry Heat works?. Flaming. Red Heat. Incineration.

Moist Heat. moist heat (saturated steam) under pressure is the most generally used and the most reliable method.

Moist Heat. . Pressure Cooker Type Common Laboratory Autoclave Vertical Autoclave Large Automatic Hospital Autoclave Horizontal Autoclave.

Moist Heat. Water at 60 -65˚C ​. Water at 100˚C ​.

Steam Sterilization at 100˚C. Accomplished in Koch steamer.

Steam Sterilization: Low temperature steam at 80˚C​.

High-temperature steam (autoclave​). Steam above 100˚C​.

2.Filtration. It's the main technique that uses force to separate instead of to kill.

Radiation sterilization depends on ionizing radiation, primarily gamma, X-ray or electron radiation, to deactivate microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses and spores.

Infrared Radiation. Non-ionizing Radiation. Low energy type.

Ultraviolet Light. Non-ionizing Radiation. Electromagnetic radiation ​.

Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy that demonstrations by eliminating electrons from atoms and molecules of materials that incorporate air, water, and living tissue. Ionizing radiation can travel unseen and go through these materials.

Chemical Sterilization (Disinfection). appropriate to use for heat-sensitive materials like plastics, fiber optics, and biological specimens..

Chemical Sterilization. Gaseous. Liquid. Nitrogen Dioxide Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Ozone.

1.Gaseous Sterilization. Chemical Sterilization. Gases has to eliminate routinely to avoid the releasing of toxic gases during the process.

1(a).Ethylene Oxide (EO). An extensive process utilized nearly 70% of all sterilization and 50% for disposable medical utensil.

1.(b)Formaldehyde. A vital highly reactive gas that used in sterilization.

1.(c)Nitrogen Dioxide. File Edit Image Help For Hdp pkase Topic.

1(d).Ozone. Highly reactive industrial gas that used in sterilizing water and air and as a disinfectant for surfaces.

2.Liquid Sterilization. Sterilization process that require the equipment to submerging in the liquid sterilant in order to kill all microorganism and spores.

Hydrogen Peroxide. Strong oxidant and can kill large amount of microorganism.

Glutaraldehyde. File Edit For Hap Pkase CSck Image Color s Help.

Hypochlorite. File Edit For Hap Pkase CSck Image Color s Help.

Sterilization Control. Modern autoclaves have devices to keep up with appropriate pressure and record internal temperature during operation. Regardless of the presence of such a device, autoclave pressure ought to be checked occasionally and kept up with..

a.Biological Indicator. 1. Made up of a carrier material, on which bacterial spores with a characterized protection to the sterilization process have been applied. 2. The spore strip and an ampule of the medium are enclosed in a delicate plastic vial 3. The vial is put in the center of the material to be sterilized and is autoclaved 4. Then the inner ampule is broken, releasing the medium, and the whole container is incubated. 5.If no growth appears in the autoclaved culture, sterilization is considered effective.

b.Autoclave Tapes. 1. Adhesive-backed paper tape with heat-sensitive, chemical indicator marking that changes color or display-diagonal stripes, effective sterilization temperature (121°C) are utilized to check the efficacy of autoclaves 2. These tapes are put inside and close to the center of large packages since heat penetration in those areas guarantees proper heat penetration. 3. Autoclave tapes are not completely reliable because they don't demonstrate how long proper conditions were maintained..

c.Thermocouple & Browne’s tube. 1. A temperature recording device that records temperature by a potentiometer is called the Thermocouple. 2. Exposure to a particular temperature turns Browne’s tube with a heat-sensitive red dye to green for a definite period of time. 3. Duration of time and temperature can be indicated by the changes of dye color.

Conclusion. To conclude, sterilization and disinfection are a fundamental procedure for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments or surfaces that come into contact with a human do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients. This is to keep the patient safe from any issue. Sterilization can be divided into two groups which are physical sterilization and chemical sterilization. It also comes in numerous methods that we can classify into heat, filtration, and radiation sterilization. All of these processes are vital to avert the potential spread of vicious bacteria and pathogens that can cause disease. Failure to comply with scientifically-based guidelines will cause several complication..

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