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Study Background. Introduction to Hydroponics. Hydroponic farming is an innovative method that enables the growth of plants without the utilization of soil, instead relying on a nutrient-rich water solution that provides essential minerals and elements for plant development. This technique presents viable solutions for agricultural challenges in regions affected by climate variability and extreme weather conditions, which threaten traditional farming practices. (Wilson et al., 2024). 

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Hydroponic farming is an innovative method that enables the growth of plants without the utilization of soil, instead relying on a nutrient-rich water solution that provides essential minerals and elements for plant development. This technique presents viable solutions for agricultural challenges in regions affected by climate variability and extreme weather conditions, which threaten traditional farming practices. (Wilson et al., 2024)

This study intends to incorporate advanced technology, specifically artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), within the hydroponic growing systems, to empower rural farmers who are facing unpredictable climate conditions and economic hardships, allowing them to maximize their yield and reduce losses due to adverse weather patterns. (Wilson et al., 2024)

The importance of this research lies in its aim to not only enhance agricultural productivity but also to significantly improve food security in regions of South Africa that are predominantly affected by changing climates. This study could establish effective methodologies and frameworks that rural communities can adopt for sustainable farming practices, promoting resilience against future climate challenges. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Location Participants Demographics KwaZulu-Natal 5 farmers Various ages and experiences Eastern Cape 5 farmers Local agricultural knowledge. 

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Location Participants Demographics KwaZulu-Natal 5 farmers Various ages and experiences Eastern Cape 5 farmers Local agricultural knowledge

This table summarizes the participant demographics and the areas involved in the study, highlighting key locations.

Methods & Technology. Co-Design Strategy. Researchers worked closely alongside farmers to co-develop technology solutions that are tailored to meet the specific needs and farming practices of the local community, thereby enhancing the accessibility and usability of the technology introduced.. 

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Researchers worked closely alongside farmers to co-develop technology solutions that are tailored to meet the specific needs and farming practices of the local community, thereby enhancing the accessibility and usability of the technology introduced.

AI and IoT systems were employed to continuously monitor critical growth parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, allowing for real-time automation of essential adjustments which are necessary for maintaining optimal plant health and ensuring maximum yield.

Using engagement platforms like WhatsApp facilitated continuous and effective communication between researchers and farmers, making it possible to promptly address emerging issues, share insights, and collaboratively enhance the technology's functionality for better agricultural outcomes.

Main Findings. Increased Crop Yield. AI technology significantly improved growth rates across various crops; for instance, butter lettuce, a key ingredient in salads and sandwiches, matured in just 2 weeks as opposed to the traditional 4 weeks, showcasing the transformative impact of technology on agriculture. (Wilson et al., 2024). 

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AI technology significantly improved growth rates across various crops; for instance, butter lettuce, a key ingredient in salads and sandwiches, matured in just 2 weeks as opposed to the traditional 4 weeks, showcasing the transformative impact of technology on agriculture. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Environmental issues such as severe storms led to damages in crop tents, while unexpected equipment failures resulted in the necessity for farmers to manually intervene to salvage critical situations, emphasizing the vulnerability of modern farming methods. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Farmers remained essential in overseeing crop health and conditions, highlighting the vital need for human oversight and decision-making, which is crucial in scenarios where immediate actions based on real-world observations are necessary, thus illustrating the synergistic relationship between human expertise and technological advancement. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Future Recommendations. Remote Monitoring Solutions. 

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Shifting to internet-based monitoring could enhance access and flexibility for farmers, improving usability by allowing them to monitor their crops and livestock from anywhere at any time, which can lead to timely interventions based on real-time data. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Future apps should include local language options to ensure usability among diverse farmer populations, making it easier for users to navigate features and functionalities, which can increase engagement and effectiveness in managing agricultural tasks. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Enhancements should focus on weatherproofing and power backups to fortify systems against failures, such as implementing durable materials for hardware and reliable energy solutions that can sustain operations during outages or adverse conditions. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Conclusion & Future Directions. Summary of Lessons. 

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AI and IoT hydroponics can significantly boost productivity, leading to higher yields and improved resource efficiency, which in turn can help sustain rural farmers against the growing challenges of food insecurity caused by climate change, market fluctuations, and population growth. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Future research must address the integration of robust systems that can withstand climate-related challenges, such as extreme weather events, soil degradation, and water shortages, and ensure they are adaptable to various geographic and ecological contexts. (Wilson et al., 2024)

Ongoing engagement with farmers is essential for the successful deployment and sustainability of new technologies, as their feedback and involvement can lead to tailored solutions that better meet their needs and enhance their livelihoods within the agricultural ecosystem. (Wilson et al., 2024)

AI & IoT Hydroponics