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[Audio] Voice over script Namaste bachcho! 👋 Aaj hum samjhenge Bharat ke shehri jeevan ka safar — ek chhoti si kahani Harappan shehron se lekar Ganga plains tak. Pehle hum dekhenge kaise bani thi pehli shahari sabhyata, phir kaise woh gir gayi, aur kaise phir se shuru hui doosri urbanisation. Yeh timeline of India’s urbanisation hume batati hai — kaise Bharat ne rural life se city life tak ka safar tay kiya! Chaliye, shuru karte hain is interesting journey ke saath!. 

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Period Phase Key Features Evidence/Sources Result / Impact Before 2000 BCE First Urbanisation (Indus / Harappan Civilisation) - Planned cities with drainage and sanitation- Writing system- Trade and specialised occupations- Central administration Archaeological sites like Harappa, Mohenjo-daro India’s earliest urban culture Early 2nd Millennium BCE (after 2000 BCE) Decline of Harappan Civilisation - Cities abandoned or became villages- Disappearance of urban systems (buildings, markets, writing, administration)- Return to rural life Excavations show deserted cities Urban life disappeared for nearly 1000 years 1st Millennium BCE Second Urbanisation - New urban growth in Ganga plains and parts of Indus basin- Spread to other regions- Rise of trade, crafts, and new settlements (1) Archaeological findings(2) Literary sources – Vedic, Buddhist, Jain texts Revival of cities and start of continuous urban development till today

First Urbanisation — Indus/Harappan Civilisation- (c. 2600-1900 BCE). 

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First Urbanisation — Indus/Harappan Civilisation- (c. 2600-1900 BCE)

Planned cities with drainage and sanitation Writing system Trade and specialised occupations Central administration

[Audio] Voice over script Around two thousand B-C-E--, this grand civilisation began to decline. Many cities were abandoned, while others slowly changed into small villages. The urban features — like large buildings, crowded markets, writing, and central administration — disappeared. People moved toward a simpler, rural lifestyle, depending mainly on farming and local crafts. For almost a thousand years, urban life vanished from most parts of India — leaving behind silent ruins that tell the story of a once vibrant civilisation.. 

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Decline of First Urbanisation- (after ~2000 BCE)

Cities abandoned or became villages Disappearance of urban systems (buildings, markets, writing, administration) Return to rural life

[Audio] Voice over script Then, around the first millennium B-C-E--, India witnessed the rise of a new phase of urbanisation. This time, it began in the Ganga plains and parts of the Indus basin, later spreading across the subcontinent. New towns emerged, supported by trade, craft production, and powerful kingdoms called the Mahajanapadas. Archaeological remains and Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain texts speak of this revival — the Second Urbanisation of India. This marked the return of city life, laying the foundation for continuous urban growth that continues even today.. 

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Second Urbanisation — Second Urbanisation in the Ganga Plains (1st millennium BCE)

The Great Sixteen - Mahajanapadas (600 -330 BCE)

New urban growth in Ganga plains and parts of Indus basin  Spread to other regions Rise of trade, crafts, and new settlements

Timeline of India's Urbanisation


Voice over script Namaste bachcho! 👋 Aaj hum samjhenge Bharat ke shehri jeevan ka safar — ek chhoti si kahani Harappan shehron se lekar Ganga plains tak. Pehle hum dekhenge kaise bani thi pehli shahari sabhyata, phir kaise woh gir gayi, aur kaise phir se shuru hui doosri urbanisation. Yeh timeline of India’s urbanisation hume batati hai — kaise Bharat ne rural life se city life tak ka safar tay kiya! Chaliye, shuru karte hain is interesting journey ke saath!

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Voice over script Around two thousand B-C-E--, this grand civilisation began to decline. Many cities were abandoned, while others slowly changed into small villages. The urban features — like large buildings, crowded markets, writing, and central administration — disappeared. People moved toward a simpler, rural lifestyle, depending mainly on farming and local crafts. For almost a thousand years, urban life vanished from most parts of India — leaving behind silent ruins that tell the story of a once vibrant civilisation.

Voice over script Then, around the first millennium B-C-E--, India witnessed the rise of a new phase of urbanisation. This time, it began in the Ganga plains and parts of the Indus basin, later spreading across the subcontinent. New towns emerged, supported by trade, craft production, and powerful kingdoms called the Mahajanapadas. Archaeological remains and Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain texts speak of this revival — the Second Urbanisation of India. This marked the return of city life, laying the foundation for continuous urban growth that continues even today.

Timeline of India's Urbanisation

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