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RAMAIAH UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCES FACULTY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES LABORATORY MANUAL SUBJECT: Principles of Anaesthesia TOPIC: ANAESTHESIA WORKSTATION Routine and Periodic Checks, Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Anaesthesia Workstation, Gas Supply and Scavenging System Dräger SUBMITTED BY: 1. Name: RUZAINA 2. Name: DURGA 3. Name :_AVANI 4. Name :_ANKITA 5. Name: AKSHARA 6. Name: JANJILONG COURSE : B.Sc. Anaesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology YEAR / SEMESTER: 2025 / 3RD SEM SUBMITTED TO: ARVIND GD ACADEMIC YEAR: 2026 - 2027.

RAMAIAH UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED HEALTH SCIENCES FACULTY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES LABORATORY MANUAL - INDEX - Subject : Principles of Anaesthesia Topic: Anaesthesia Workstation - Routine and Periodic Checks, Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Anaesthesia Workstation, Gas Supply and Scavenging System. SUBMITTED BY: 1. RUZAINA 2. DURGA 3. AVANI 4. ANKITA 5. AKSHARA 6. JANJILONG SI. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Course: B.Sc. Anaesthesia and Operation Theatre Technology Year / Semester : 2025 / 3RD SEM Submitted To : ARVIND GD Academic Year: 2026 - 2027 Experiment / Topic Introduction to Anaesthesia Workstation Identification of Main Parts and Functions Medical Gas Supply System Routine Checks of Anaesthesia Workstation Periodic Maintenance of Workstation Breathing System Inspection and Testing Vaporizer Inspection and Checking Ventilator Checks and Troubleshooting Scavenging System Inspection Common Problems and Troubleshooting Safety Precautions and Final Checklist Page No. Faculty Signature ACADEMIC YEAR: 2026 - 2027.

INTRODUCTION Dr. William Thomas Green Morton (1819-1868) Father of Modern Anaesthesia An American dentist. Introduced the successful public demonstration of ether anaesthesia on 16 October 1846. Demonstrated ether anaesthesia at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. His demonstration marked the beginning of modern surgical anaesthesia..

General Anaesthesia Patient, face masl, ET tube, anaesthesia machine. Regional Anaesthesia • épinière vertébrale Local Anaesthesia Spinal needle, lumbar region, spinal cord Local Anaesthesia Syringe, injection site, local anaesthetic..

Definition of Anaesthesia Anaesthesia is a medical technique in which medicines are used to / temporarily block pain and sensation during surgical procedures, diagnostic tests or other medical treatments. It helps the patient undergo procedures comfortably and safely. Anaesthesia may produce loss of sensation, pain relief, unconsciousness or muscle relaxation, depending on the type of anaesthesia used. / TYPES OF ANAESTHESIA: ›General Anaesthesia: Produces a temporary state of unconsciousnes patient does not feel pain during surgery. Regional Anaesthesia: Blocks sensation in a specific region of the body, such as spinal or epidural anaesthesia. § Local Anaesthesia: Produces loss of sensation in a small, specific area of the & body. Sedation: Uses medicines to make the patient relaxed, sleepy or less aware during a procedure. Sedation Patient, oxygen cannula, pulse oximeter, monitor..

PARTS OF MACHINE BASED ON PRESSURE SYSTEMS ‹ HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE SYSTEM • LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM Flowmeter Back Bar Blood Pressure Gauge Needle Valve Control Knob Cylinder Pressure Gauge Oxyger Cylinder Pressure • Relief Valve Common Gas Outlet _ TEC Mark 3 Vaporiser Oxygen Supply for Gas Driven Carbon •DIOXIdE Cylinder Nitrous Oxide Cylinder BOC Boyle Internationall Continuous Anaesthetic Machine.

The anaesthesia machine has undergone major developments over time. Initially, simple machines were used to supply gases and anaesthetic agents. With advancements in medical technology, these machines, developed into modern electronic anaesthesia workstations. ¡ Definition: Boyle's machine is a traditional anaesthesia delivery machine used to supply oxygen, nitrous oxide and volatile anaesthetic agents to a patient during general anaesthesia. HISTORY: 1. Developed by British anaesthetist Dr. Henry Edmund Gaskin| Boyle. Introduced in the early 20th century. It became widely used in operation theatres for delivering ! inhalational anaesthesia. It was later improved with additional safety features and monitoring systems. The development of anaesthesia machines can be understoo in three stages: Early anaesthesia machines: Simple equipment used to administer inhalational anaesthetic agents. Boyle's machine: A more organised gas delivery system with flowmeters, vaporizers and breathing circuits. Modern anaesthesia workstation: An advanced system with electronic controls, ventilators, integrated monitoring and safety alarms..

Aims and Objectives of Anaesthesia Workstation Aim To study the structure, components, working principles and functions of an anaesthesia workstation and understand its importance in providing safe and effective anaesthesia during surgical procedures. Objectives • To understand the meaning and purpose of an anaesthesia workstation. • To study the history and development of the anaesthesia workstation. • To identify the major components of an anaesthesia workstation. • To understand the functions of the gas supply system, flowmeters and vaporizers. • To study the working principle of the anaesthesia workstation. • To understand the role of the breathing circuit and reservoir: bag. • To learn about the function of the ventilator in supporting patient breathing. • To understand the importance of patient monitoring systems such as ECG, SpOz, NIBP and EtCOz. • To identify the safety features and alarm systems of the workstation. • To understand the importance of routine checking, maintenance and troubleshooting of the anaesthesia workstation. →>^>.

*0 9.8 798 .. 39 M~~ @ NOSE ALR Modern Anaesthesia Workstation. Flowmeters Vaporizer mount System display monitor Pressure gauges Auxiliary Oz flowmeter Ultrasonic flow sensor Divan ventilator Absorbent canister Storage drawer Brake.

ANAESTHESIA WORKSTATION An anaesthesia workstation is an essential medical equipment system / used in the operation theatre to deliver anaesthesia to patients during / surgical procedures. It supplies controlled amounts of oxygen, medical; gases and inhalational anaesthetic agents to maintain the required level of anaesthesia. It also helps in supporting or controlling the patient's breathing through a mechanical ventilator and allows continuous monitoring of vital parameters. Modern anaesthesia workstations are designed with advanced safety features, alarms and monitoring systems to ensure patient safety during surgery. Definition An anaesthesia workstation is a medical device that combines a gas delivery system, vaporizer, breathing system, mechanical ventilator and monitoring equipment to provide controlled anaesthesia and respiratory support to patients during surgery. Purpose of Anaesthesia Workstation • The main purposes are: • To supply oxygen and other medical gases. • To deliver inhalational anaesthetic agents. • To maintain the required concentration of anaesthetic gases. • To support or control the patient's breathing. • To remove carbon dioxide from expired gases. • To monitor the patient's vital signs. • To provide safety alarms during abnormal conditions. • To remove waste anaesthetic gases through the scavenging system.!.

• Main Parts of Anaesthesia Workstation and Their Functions Auxiliary O½ flowmeter Flowmeters Display Suction regulator Bellows assembly Flow controls Vaporizers Rebreathing bag Breathing system System switch Secondary gas supply pressure gauges (cylinder gauges) Primary gas supply gauges (usually pipeline) Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber Oxygen (O2) flush button Brake.

Pressure Systems of an Anaesthesia Workstation The anaesthesia workstation is divided into three main pressure systems according to the pressure of gases flowing through different parts of the machine. • High-pressure system • Intermediate-pressure system • Low-pressure system These systems work together to supply gases safely from the source to the patient. ANESTHESIA MACHINE HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEM Valve stem •Cylinder valve Gas outlet - To machine Oregen Hanger yoke check valve (inside) Pin index configuration Nitrous oxide (A5) Carbon dioxide (1.6) (7) 0, Gas Cylinders Are Color Coded • Colour - nonfading, durable water insoluble • 02 : black body, white shoulders (in USA green, in UK white) • N2O : blue CO2 : gray • Air • Helium • Entonox : white and black : brown : black, blue shoulders.

40 → High-Pressure System - Components and Their Functions The high-pressure system is the first part of the anaesthesia workstation. It receives gases from cylinders, stores them under high pressure and reduces the pressure before supplying gases to the intermediate-pressure system. Gas Cylinders Definition: Gas cylinders are strong metal containers used to store medical gases under high pressure. Functions: • Store medical gases such as oxygen and nitrous oxide. • Provide backup gas supply when the central pipeline supply fails. • Supply gases to the anaesthesia workstation. • Maintain an emergency supply of medical gases. Air (21% O, /79% N,)Grey body with black & white shoulder quartering Medical air is used: • In anaesthesia as a carrier gas for volatile anaesthetic agents • For drug delivery through nebulisation. • In ventilators and incubators to provide uncontaminated and controlled air flows.

Bodok Seal BODOK SEAL • A cylinder is fitted with a yoke with a sealing called bodok seal . Composed of noncombustible material(neoprene rubber) • Metal periphery which makes it long lasting • • Gas tight seal between cylinder and yoke. Pin Index Safety System (PISS) Indexing pins - Gas label Yoke plug All positions Oxygen B Nitrous oxide.

Bodok Seal Definition: A Bodok seal is a special sealing washer placed between the gas cylinder valve and the anaesthesia machine yoke. Functions: • Prevents gas leakage at the cylinder-yoke connection. • Provides an airtight seal. • Ensures safe gas transfer from the cylinder to the machine. • Must be checked regularly for damage and proper fitting. Pin Index Safety System (PISS) Definition: The Pin Index Safety System is a safety! mechanism used to prevent the attachment of an .! incorrect gas cylinder to the wrong yoke. Functions: • - Prevents wrong cylinder connections. • - Ensures correct gas identification. • - Improves patient safety. • - Uses specific pin positions for different gases. Common pin positions: • Gas Pin positions • Oxygen 2 and 5 • Nitrous oxide 3 and 5 • Medical air 1 and 5.

Diameter Index Safety System (DISS) NITROUS OXIDE MEDICAL AIR BOBOE OXYGEN Hanger Yoke Assembly Indexing Dins •Gas label Yoke plug All positions Oxygen Nitrous oxide.

Diameter Index Safety System (DISS). Definition: DISS is a safety system used in medical gas pipeline connections. It uses gas-specific threaded connectors with different diameters to prevent incorrect gas connections. Functions: • Prevents accidental connection of the wrong gas. • Ensures correct gas supply to the anaesthesia workstation. • Provides secure pipeline connections. • Reduces the risk of gas supply errors. Hanger Yoke Assembly Definition: The hanger yoke assembly is the part of the anaesthesia machine that holds and connects the gas cylinder to the machine. Main components: • Yoke body • Bodok seal • Retaining screw • Pin index pins • Gas inlet connection • Filter Functions: • Holds the gas cylinder securely. • Connects the cylinder to the anaesthesia machine. • Ensures the correct gas connection through the pin index system. • Prevents gas leakage with the help of a Bodok seal..

Pressure Regulator CO5 1000 7500 250 MED MEDICH Oxygen Flush Valve (02 Flush) CIRCLE MASK VAC FLOW RUSH.

Pressure Regulator Function: • Reduces high cylinder pressure to a suitable working pressure. • Maintains a controlled gas supply. • Protects the downstream components from excessive pressure. Oxygen Flush Valve (02 Flush) Definition: The oxygen flush valve is a button or control on the anaesthesia machine that delivers a high flow of oxygen directly to the breathing system, bypassing the flowmeters and vaporizers in conventional designs. Functions: • Provides a rapid supply of oxygen. • Flushes the breathing circuit with oxygen. • Helps quickly increase oxygen concentration in the breathing system. • Must be used carefully because high flow can cause excessive airway pressure. • N.

Intermediate Pressure System - Important Components Safety Alarm System EE GETINGE & Fail-Safe Valve (Oxygen Failure Protection Device) N2O NO Flowmeter O2 Flowmeter Flow control valve Flow control valve Fail safe system.