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Spasticity. The Magic Cure for Spasticity Reduction - Elite Learning.
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Causes of Spaticity. C:\Users\rk40134\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.MSO\543CF3D5.tmp.
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Pathophysiology. Frontiers | A Unifying Pathophysiological Account for Post-stroke Spasticity and Disordered Motor Control | Neurology.
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Prevalence. C:\Users\rk40134\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.MSO\B34D17CD.tmp.
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Impact. HRQOL - "Health-Related Quality of Life" by AcronymsAndSlang.com.
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Pharmacotherapy. C:\Users\rk40134\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\Content.MSO\A2744256.tmp.
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Dantrolene sodium. Ryanodex,a new dantrolene formulation.
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Baclofen. Baclofen Overdose or Brain Death? - Missouri Poison Center.
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Alpha2-adrenergic Agonists - Clonidine. clonidine [TUSOM | Pharmwiki].
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Tizanidine. Initially approved by the FDA in 1996, tizanidine is an Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist reducing spasticity by the presynaptic inhibition of excitatory neurotransmitters that cause firing of neurons promoting muscle spasm.
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Botulinum Toxins. Botulinum toxin - Wikipedia. Treatment with botulinum toxins are used to reduce muscle tone and improve passive and/or active function in adults with spasticity. Botulinum toxins are a neurotoxin derived from Clostridium botulinum . Botulinum toxin prevents acetylcholine from the presynaptic membrane, causing temporary calming of muscle contractions by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses..
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Tolperisone. Being, centrally acting muscle relaxant, tolperisone acts at the level of spinal cord by blocking sodium channels and calcium channels. Tolperisone exerts its spinal reflex inhibitory action predominantly via a pre synaptic inhibition of the transmitter release from the primary afferent endings via a combined action on voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels . Tolperisone increases the blood supply to skeletal muscles; this action is noteworthy since a muscle contracture may compress the small blood vessels and induce an ischemia leading to release of pain stimulating compounds..