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ff. TOBACCO CONSUMPTION. Student's ID: 100637641.

About this n • What is tobacco consumption • What are the forms of consumption • Motivation for consumption • Prevalence of consumption • Mechanism of action of nicotine • Effects of consumption • Reducing consumption - MPOWER • Addiction • Withdrawal • Support system • More Information.

What is tobacco consumption Inhaling smoke from burning tobacco products through the mouth and lungs is typical of smoking. Tobacco smoke includes nicotine, which causes addictive stimulants and pleasurable effects (Ebirim et al., 2014). Smoking is the most popular recreational substance among both young and older people, and it is also the main cause of disease and death that could have been avoided (WHO, 2022)..

Forms of consumption Cigarette smoking has the largest global prevalence of all tobacco products. However, traditional tobacco products such cigars, hand-rolled cigarettes, cannabis ater-pipe, bidis, vaping, chewing tobacco, pipes, kreteks, and hookah are all gaining popularity (Messer et al., 201 5; Kypriotakis et al., 2018). Other include Vaping the most recent e- cigratte method.

Motivation for consumption • Exposure to tobacco by members of their families, friends and role models • Engaging in social activities with their peers • Active tobacco advertisement • Stress and boredom • Recreational purpose • Low self-esteem and poor self- image Peer pressure.

Prevalence of consumption More than 80% of the world's 1.3 billion smokers live in low- and middle-income nations. In 2020, 22.3% of the worldwide population, 36.7% of men, and 7.8% of women consumed cigarettes. In 2020, 1.18 billion individuals worldwide smoked some tobacco regularly, resulting in 7.0 million fatalities, or around one in every seven deaths that year..

Preva ence of consumption With few exceptions, most low- and middle-income nations have seen a minimal drop in smoking. More than half of adult males in substantial populations of Asia (China, Indonesia) and Pacific Island countries smoke regularly. Women's smoking rates in higher-income nations have never reached men's levels, generally trailing male smoking by two to three decades. With few exceptions, smoking rates among women in Asia and Africa have stayed low. Prevalence has also decreased in other sociodemographic groups but less so in the upper-middle sociodemographic category. According to established models of the tobacco epidemiological transition, • Less than 10% of countries are in the incipient stage; • 42% are in stage two, where prevalence is rising or has peaked but has not yet declined; • 25% are in stage three; where prevalence is declining but still high, • 25% are in stage four, where declines have pushed prevalence below 25%..

Prevalence of consumption Prevalence of smoking Globally, the proportion of people who smoke regularly has decreased steadily since 1990 Global prevalence (%) 30 20 10 2019 Change in prevalence by country, 1990-2019 57 Decrease 100% 50% 25% Increase 25% 50% 100%.

Prevalence of consumption Number of smokers With population growth, the absolute number of smokers has risen in many parts of the world Global smokers (millions) 1,250 1,000 750 500 250 1990 Change in number of smokers by country, 1990-2019 2019 Decrease 100% 50% 25% Increase 25% 100%.

abstract. Nicotine: Mechanism of action The cigarette is a highly developed and effective drug delivery system. By inhaling tobacco smoke, the typical smoker takes in 1-2 milligrammes of nicotine each cigarette. Nicotine enters your bloodstream and reaches its peak levels in your brain very rapidly when you smoke tobacco. A typical smoker will smoke for around five minutes while taking 10 puffs. A person who smokes around one pack (20 cigarettes) every day thus gets 200 "hits" of nicotine into their brain each day. Smokers of cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco who do not inhale the smoke experience slower peak blood and brain levels of nicotine because it is absorbed through oral mucous membranes..

Effects of consumption For every person who dies from smoking, at least 30 others suffer a significant smoking-related ailment. Tobacco smoking is linked to cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Smoking also raises the risk of Tuberculosis, some eye illnesses, and immune system issues such as rheumatoid arthritis. Each year, second-hand smoke causes around 41,000 fatalities among nonsmokers and 400 deaths among babies. In adults, second-hand smoke causes stroke, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease. Second-hand smoke exposure increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disorders, more severe asthma, respiratory complaints, and slower lung growth in children..

Reducing Con umpti n and preventio policies Effective evidence-based treat ents attemptto minimize or postpone the begin ingof snqoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use, s wel as to enhance outcomes for children nd lescents by lowering or mitigating modifiabl risk fa ors an strengthening protective variabl s. •Gonito to acco use.

Reducing Consu ptio tobacco use The smoke released from the urni g end of a cigarette or other smoked tobacc roducts (such as bidis and water pipes an he smoke exhaled by the smoker constitutes second-hand smoke. Tobacco smoke contains about 4000 compounds, and there is no safe degree o exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke. 100% smoke-free workplaces are the only proven means to fully safeguard peop e's health from the detrimental effects of second-hand cigarette smoke. Smoke-free regulations are popular because they safeguarß heal!b while encouraging smok o stop. Protect people from Noe -x SfÖklNG IN THIS AREA.

Reducing Consumption - Offer elp to quit tobacco use. When tobacco users learn about the harms of smokin ost of them want to quit. Unfortunately, nicotine in tobacco products is highly ad ictive, and without cessation help, only 4% of smokers who Want to quit wi succeed. Professional assistance and proven cessa io drugs can quadruple a i arette user's chances of stopping successfu y..

Redu ino ons pti6FWärn abou e dangers oft cco Big graphical or graphic health warnings, as well as plain packaging with strong messaging, can persuade smokers to safeguard the health of nonsmokers by not smoking in the house, enhance compliance with smoke- free regulations, and encourage more individuals to stop smoking. According to studies, visual warnings dramatically raise people's awareness of the dangers of tobacco usage. Mass media efforts can help lower tobacco demand by emphasizing the protection of nonsmokers and urging individuals to quit smoking..

Reducing Consumption - Enforce bans on tobacco adVertising, promotion and sponsorship Complete tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship prohibitions can reduce cigarette usage. A broad prohibition includes bothdirect and indirect forms of promotion, Advertising on television, radio, print publications, billboard', and social media platforms are examples of direct formats. Examples of indirect forms are brand sharing, brand stretching, free distribution, price reductions, point-of-sale product displays, sponsorships, and promotional activities disguised as corporate social responsibility programs..

Reducing Consu tion - Rais taxes on tobacco. Tobacco taxes are the mos ost-effective strategy in many nations to duce tobacco use and healthcare expenses, part• ularly among young and low-income individu Is, while raising revenue. The tax hikes m st be significant enoughto cause prices o rise aster than income growth. Tobacco price i of 10%reduce tobacco usage by r % in high-income nations and 5% in low- and middle-income co ntries. Tax evasion and åvoidan an illicit)impair the e efforts, notably greater cigarette xes. brobacco companies and others frequently contend that high tobacco product taxes con ibutet tax avoidance. However, experience from many nations shows that even when tobac o taxeSand prices are raised, illicit trafficking may be successfully tackled..

Addiction Nicotine's pharmacokinetic features contribute to its addictiveness. As cigarette smoke enters the lungs, nicotine is rapidly absorbed in the bloodstream and transported to the brain, causing nicotine levels to peak within 10 seconds after inhaling. When nicotine is delivered, a temporary rush of endorphins in the brain's reward circuits creates a mild, fleeting pleasure. Nicotine raises levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in these reward circuits, reinforcing the drug-taking behaviour. Repeated exposure affects h ensitivity of these circuits to dopamine, causing alterations in other brain circuits volvedain learning, stress, and self-control. The immediate effects of nicotine and the associated sensations of satisfaction wane fast, causing the smoker to continue dosing to experience the pleasurable effects. In addition to its euphoric benefits, nicotine momentarily improves areas of cognition such as attention span and memory retention. Long-term smoking, cpnversely, is connected wit cognitive decline and an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, puggestin$ that the shori- term nicotine-related benefit does not exceed the long-term disadvantages for cognitive functioning..

Addiction cessation Successful tobacco cessation treatments are available, including behavioural therapy and FDA-approved medicines. Among the FDA-approved pharmacotherapies are nicotine replacement therapy, as well as bupropion and varenicline. According to research, smokers who receive a combination of behavioural treatment and ssation drugs quit more than those who r ce• y behavioural treatment. B guidance froma ealth car ider telepho plines, automated text mes g, and print d self help resources can help smokers q t. essa r tegies using mobile devices and social me ave also shown the potential to increase cigarette quitting. It is crit cal that smoking cessation treatment be as customize as possible, because some people smoke to avoid the bad consequences of withdrawal, whilst others are more motivated by the rewarding aspect of smoking..

Withdrawal Symptoms Withdrawal symptoms normally peak after a few days of the last cigarette smoked and lessened within a few weeks. Nonetheless, withdrawal symptoms can last for months in some people, and the degree of withdrawal symptoms appears determined by a person's genes. Various behavioural variables can influence the intensity of withdrawal symptoms. The feel, smell, and sight of a cigarette and the rit I of obtaining, handling, lighting, and inhaling the cigarette are all connected ith0the pleasant benefits of smoking and might exacerbate withdr wal or desire. Like other substance addictions, learning mechanis s in the brain correlate these signals_with nicotine-induced dopamine spik s in the reward system..

Ebirim , C, Amadi , A., Abanobi , O. and Lloh , G., 2014. The Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Knowledge of Its Health Implications among Adolescents in Owerri , South-Eastern Nigeria. Health, 6(12), pp.1532-1538. Kypriotakis , G., Robinson, J., Green, C. and Cinciripini , P., 2018. Patterns of Tobacco Product Use and Correlates Among Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study: A Latent Class Analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 20(1), pp.S81-S87. Messer, K., White, M., Strong, D., Wang, B., Shi, Y., Conway, K., Pierce, J., 2015. Trends in use of little cigars or NHS, 2018. What are the health risks of smoking? [online] NHS.UK. Available at: <https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/lifestyle/what-are-the-health-risks-of-smoking WHO, 2022. Tobacco. [online] Who.int. Available at: <https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco.