Blue 3D Gradient Thesis Defense Presentation

[Audio] Sexual differentiation refers to the formation of gender differences in humans. Beginning at the zygote stage when two gametes fuse together the zygote begins to differentiate based on genetic coding. Certain hormones are responsible for the formation of male characteristics while different hormones are responsible for the development of female characteristics. This differentiation is demonstrated in aspects such as physical body structure and hormone levels..

[Audio] Genetic sex in humans is largely determined by chromosomes. Females usually have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome known as the XY sex-determination system. This third slide of our presentation covers this topic in more detail..

[Audio] Sexual differentiation in humans is largely determined by a combination of the presence or absence of the Y chromosome and genetics from both the X and Y chromosomes. The Y chromosome carries the S-R-Y gene which is instrumental in stimulating testes growth in males. When this Y chromosome is absent or S-R-Y gene does not work properly the embryo will naturally develop ovaries. X chromosomes also hold genes necessary for sex determination and development with female mammals having two X chromosomes and usually having a single active X chromosome in each cell caused by a process referred to as X-chromosome inactivation..

[Audio] S-R-Y gene located on Y chromosome is known as a master switch that initiates a sequence of events which are necessary for male sex development. S-R-Y protein is created by this gene and binds to certain regions of D-N-A activating genes which are essential for male sex development. In addition to this testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (A-M-H--) are created by testes and they promote the development of male reproductive organs and external genitalia..

[Audio] At the outset the Y chromosome's genetic influence starts to have an effect on the development of male reproductive organs and in the end external genitalia. A Y chromosome triggers particular genes that initiate the production of testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone which guide male sexual development. This leads to the creation of testes and a hormone-controlled development of male sexual differentiation..

[Audio] From the start of human development both the mesonephric ducts and the paramesonephric ducts make up the internal structures within an embryo. The mesonephric ducts can develop into the male reproductive system's vas deferens epididymis and other pieces while the paramesonephric ducts can develop into the female reproductive system's fallopian tubes uterus cervix and top of the vagina. Thus it is during this phase that the person's sex is determined..

[Audio] Sex differentiation in humans is the determination of the sex of a fetus in the womb. The S-R-Y gene on the Y chromosome will either be present or absent depending on the sex of the fetus. When the embryo has XY chromosomes the S-R-Y gene is present and results in the production of hormones that trigger development of the male reproductive system. If the fetus has XX chromosomes then the S-R-Y gene is absent and leads to the development of the female reproductive system. This differentiation is vital to the development of the fetus as it establishes the basis for further development of the individual..

[Audio] The human reproductive system is a complex network of organs and glands that enable the production of offspring. Sexual differentiation during early fetal development is necessary in order to form the internal and external sex organs and determine an individual's gender identity. This involves the production of either eggs or sperm by different organs and structures depending on the sex of the individual. Furthermore the hormones produced by these organs also influence gender identity..

[Audio] When it comes to sexual differentiation in human the two accessory ducts mesonephric and paramesonephric play a pivotal role. The mesonephric system is the foundation of the male genitalia whereas the paramesonephric is the precursor of the female reproductive system. Both of these systems contribute to the internal genital development in humans. This information was hopefully of use to you. Appreciate your time..