Blue 3D Gradient Thesis Defense Presentation

[Audio] Good afternoon everyone. Today we are presented with an interesting topic that examines the process of sexual differentiation in humans. Join us as we explore this fascinating process and discover the role that the Y chromosome's S-R-Y gene plays in male development..

[Audio] Sexual differentiation is an essential factor in human development. It is the process that establishes gender-specific biological variations between males and females. When a baby is born these disparities have an effect on its anatomy endocrine system and general physiology. In addition to physical traits this procedure is also fundamental to the formation of behavior and psychological features..

[Audio] Humans have 46 chromosomes which are arranged in 23 pairs with two of these pairs called sex chromosomes. Generally females have two X chromosomes while males possess one X and one Y chromosome. This can identify an individual's genetic sex and the distinctions between males and females. Depending on the combination of these chromosomes various physical and biological variances arise between the two sexes..

[Audio] The Y chromosome plays an important role in understanding sexual differentiation in humans. It contains the sex-determining region Y gene or S-R-Y which is responsible for the development of testes in males. Conversely the absence of a Y chromosome results in the development of ovaries in females. In addition X chromosomes contain genes which are essential to sex determination and development though females with two X chromosomes usually have only one active X chromosome per cell..

[Audio] S-R-Y gene is crucial in activating maleness. It forms the sex-determining region Y (S-R-Y--) protein that works as a transcription factor linking to certain segments of D-N-A to switch on genes important for testis development. This leads to the commencement of the growth of testes which then secrete hormones to regulate the additional growth of male reproductive organs and external genitalia..

[Audio] When it comes to sexual differentiation in the human body two key processes are involved. The first involves the activation of specific genes that cause the gonads to develop into testes. Testes then produce hormones such as testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (A-M-H--). These hormones are essential for the formation of male reproductive organs and external genitalia allowing the body to differentiate between male and female..

[Audio] At around 5 or 6 weeks of development regardless of genetic composition all embryos will possess two analogous internal structures. This nascent phase of development demonstrates that all embryos begin with equal capability. The Mesonephric ducts embody the possibility to transform into the vas deferens epididymis and other components of the male reproductive system while the Paramesonephric ducts evolve into the fallopian tubes uterus cervix and upper vagina in female embryos..

[Audio] Chromosomal analysis is used to identify the sex of an embryo during its development. If the embryo has XY chromosomes the presence of S-R-Y gene on the Y chromosome triggers the development of testes which then release hormones that cause the mesonephric ducts to develop while paramesonephric ducts regress. In contrast in embryos with XX chromosomes SRY gene is absent and the mesonephric ducts regress while the paramesonephric ducts develop into the female reproductive system. Understanding this process is beneficial in understanding human development and fertility..

[Audio] During embryonic development the reproductive system of males and females shows significant differences. The external genitalia is one of the earliest organs to form encompassing the gonads as well as the structures involved in gamete production and transfer. The internal reproductive organs also vary between sexes with the male system comprising of the testicles vas deferens seminal vesicles and prostate gland and the female system involving the ovaries uterus fallopian tubes and cervix..

[Audio] Sexual differentiation in humans is a complex phenomenon that involves several distinct structures. In order to understand this it is important to take a closer look at the two accessory ducts that are relevant to this concept: the mesonephric ducts which develops in males and is responsible for forming the precursor of the male genitalia; and the paramesonerphic ducts which is responsible for forming the precursor of the female reproductive system. As internal genital differentiation occurs these structures help create the reproductive organs that define each gender..