CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
34
Negros Occidental. Descriptive method was used to describe the different work factors
and challenges that affects the efficiency function of secretaries. This method was used in
the study for the following reasons: (1) this study aims to determine the different work
challenges that affects the efficiency function of secretaries (2) this study also aims to
know if proper training and communication is needed in the workplace (3) also what
recommendations or actions will be made in order to give reference to the organizations
in their future intervention and programs
Sampling Technique
In this study, the researchers’ goal is to determine the different work challenges
affecting efficient secretarial function in different organizations in Murcia, Negros
Occidental. In order to gather the data needed, the researchers choose the purposive
sampling in selecting the respondents of the study. Nikolopoulou (2022) defined
purposive sampling as a group of non-probability sampling techniques in which units are
selected because they have characteristics that you need in your sample. In other words,
units are selected “on purpose” in purposive sampling. Also called judgmental sampling,
this sampling method relies on the researcher’s judgment when identifying and selecting
the individuals, cases, or events that can provide the best information to achieve the
study’s objectives. Purposive sampling is common in qualitative research and mixed
methods research. It is particularly useful if you need to find information-rich cases or
make
the
most
out
of
limited
resources,
but
is
at
high
risk
for
research
biases like observer bias.. 

Scene 1

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
34
Negros Occidental. Descriptive method was used to describe the different work factors
and challenges that affects the efficiency function of secretaries. This method was used in
the study for the following reasons: (1) this study aims to determine the different work
challenges that affects the efficiency function of secretaries (2) this study also aims to
know if proper training and communication is needed in the workplace (3) also what
recommendations or actions will be made in order to give reference to the organizations
in their future intervention and programs
Sampling Technique
In this study, the researchers’ goal is to determine the different work challenges
affecting efficient secretarial function in different organizations in Murcia, Negros
Occidental. In order to gather the data needed, the researchers choose the purposive
sampling in selecting the respondents of the study. Nikolopoulou (2022) defined
purposive sampling as a group of non-probability sampling techniques in which units are
selected because they have characteristics that you need in your sample. In other words,
units are selected “on purpose” in purposive sampling. Also called judgmental sampling,
this sampling method relies on the researcher’s judgment when identifying and selecting
the individuals, cases, or events that can provide the best information to achieve the
study’s objectives. Purposive sampling is common in qualitative research and mixed
methods research. It is particularly useful if you need to find information-rich cases or
make
the
most
out
of
limited
resources,
but
is
at
high
risk
for
research
biases like observer bias.

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
35
Research Instruments
In this study, the researcher will use a self-constructed and validated interview guide and
research questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of questions about the work
challenges that affects the efficiency of secretaries. The interview guide will be used to
identify or determine how the secretaries maintain their efficiency in their responsibilities.
The questionnaire will consist questions like (1) Being a secretary, does your salary
compensate enough for the responsibilities you have? (2) Having the role of a secretary,
does proper/good communication with coworkers help you to be effective? (3) Being a
secretary, do you recommend that aspiring secretaries should undergo proper training?
(4)In your organization, is it important to maintain a good relationship with coworkers?
Another research instrument to be used is the audio recorder and field research notes, this
will be used to record the answers of the respondents during the interview.
Validation/Authenticity
The construct validity of the interview guide will be tested using the Messick
based on Unified Theory of Construct Validity with a 10-item questionnaire. It will be
evaluated by three jurors and must be rated 4 and above which is considered acceptable.
On the other hand, its face and content validity will also be evaluated by the same jurors
according to the Goods and Scates tool to be rated 4 and above which satisfies the
passing point as per determined by Delphi method for the acceptable inter-rater tool at
the minimum of 4.0 points out of a perfect 5.0 scale.. 

Scene 2

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
35
Research Instruments
In this study, the researcher will use a self-constructed and validated interview guide and
research questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of questions about the work
challenges that affects the efficiency of secretaries. The interview guide will be used to
identify or determine how the secretaries maintain their efficiency in their responsibilities.
The questionnaire will consist questions like (1) Being a secretary, does your salary
compensate enough for the responsibilities you have? (2) Having the role of a secretary,
does proper/good communication with coworkers help you to be effective? (3) Being a
secretary, do you recommend that aspiring secretaries should undergo proper training?
(4)In your organization, is it important to maintain a good relationship with coworkers?
Another research instrument to be used is the audio recorder and field research notes, this
will be used to record the answers of the respondents during the interview.
Validation/Authenticity
The construct validity of the interview guide will be tested using the Messick
based on Unified Theory of Construct Validity with a 10-item questionnaire. It will be
evaluated by three jurors and must be rated 4 and above which is considered acceptable.
On the other hand, its face and content validity will also be evaluated by the same jurors
according to the Goods and Scates tool to be rated 4 and above which satisfies the
passing point as per determined by Delphi method for the acceptable inter-rater tool at
the minimum of 4.0 points out of a perfect 5.0 scale.

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
36
Data Gathering Procedure
The main focal point of this study is to determine the major challenges affecting
the secretarial in selected organizations. Primarily, to determine the challenges of the
secretaries, challenges faced, and the affecting of their work.
To meet the objectives of this study, the following means were done by the researchers:
The researchers will construct an interview guide that consists of questions in
determining the different challenges or factors that affect secretarial function efficiency.
The constructed interview guide will be validated using the Messick based on Unified
Theory of Construct Validity and will also go thru face and content validity. After the
validation, the researchers will sought an approval from the research adviser and school
administration to gather data. After the approval, the researchers will send a formal letter
to the participants or respondents to request for an exclusive interview. During the
interview, the researchers will use the constructed interview guide and record the answers
of the respondents by using research filled notes and audio recording. These data
collection methods will be used to obtain needed data in determining and understanding
the work challenges affecting secretarial efficient functions.
Data Analysis Procedure
The results of this study will be analyzed using thematic analysis based on
Colaizzi’s phenomenological procedural. In the first step, the researcher reads a
description of each person participating in the study to gain a sense of the participants.
Next, the researcher extracts statements with significance to the research question. To. 

Scene 3

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
36
Data Gathering Procedure
The main focal point of this study is to determine the major challenges affecting
the secretarial in selected organizations. Primarily, to determine the challenges of the
secretaries, challenges faced, and the affecting of their work.
To meet the objectives of this study, the following means were done by the researchers:
The researchers will construct an interview guide that consists of questions in
determining the different challenges or factors that affect secretarial function efficiency.
The constructed interview guide will be validated using the Messick based on Unified
Theory of Construct Validity and will also go thru face and content validity. After the
validation, the researchers will sought an approval from the research adviser and school
administration to gather data. After the approval, the researchers will send a formal letter
to the participants or respondents to request for an exclusive interview. During the
interview, the researchers will use the constructed interview guide and record the answers
of the respondents by using research filled notes and audio recording. These data
collection methods will be used to obtain needed data in determining and understanding
the work challenges affecting secretarial efficient functions.
Data Analysis Procedure
The results of this study will be analyzed using thematic analysis based on
Colaizzi’s phenomenological procedural. In the first step, the researcher reads a
description of each person participating in the study to gain a sense of the participants.
Next, the researcher extracts statements with significance to the research question. To

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
37
reflect the research data accurately, the significant statements should be direct quotations
from the participants. To analyze the significant statements, the researcher begins to
articulate what the statements mean and creates themes from the meanings. The
researchers group similar themes together and organizes them into categories. Finally, the
researcher integrates the results into a comprehensive description of the topic and returns
to each participant to verify the results.
Ethical Considerations
In conducting the study, there are ethical considerations to be observed before, during
and after carrying out the study. These ethical considerations are as follow:
Full consent should be obtained from the participants prior to the study. A letter
asking for permission to conduct an interview for data gathering will be sent to
participants before doing the data gathering method. The letter of consent will determine
the availability and willingness of the respondents to participate in the data gathering.
The protection of the privacy of research participants has to be ensured. Any
personal information like name will be optional and the participants will have their
choice in giving such information. Participants will also have the freedom what type of
information they are going to share as long as it’s relevant.
Research participants should not be subjected to harm in any ways whatsoever. In
conducting this study, safety of the participants will be ensured. No harm, risk or
discomfort will be tolerated. Participants will also be interviewed at their most
convenient time in a place where they are comfortable.. 

Scene 4

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
37
reflect the research data accurately, the significant statements should be direct quotations
from the participants. To analyze the significant statements, the researcher begins to
articulate what the statements mean and creates themes from the meanings. The
researchers group similar themes together and organizes them into categories. Finally, the
researcher integrates the results into a comprehensive description of the topic and returns
to each participant to verify the results.
Ethical Considerations
In conducting the study, there are ethical considerations to be observed before, during
and after carrying out the study. These ethical considerations are as follow:
Full consent should be obtained from the participants prior to the study. A letter
asking for permission to conduct an interview for data gathering will be sent to
participants before doing the data gathering method. The letter of consent will determine
the availability and willingness of the respondents to participate in the data gathering.
The protection of the privacy of research participants has to be ensured. Any
personal information like name will be optional and the participants will have their
choice in giving such information. Participants will also have the freedom what type of
information they are going to share as long as it’s relevant.
Research participants should not be subjected to harm in any ways whatsoever. In
conducting this study, safety of the participants will be ensured. No harm, risk or
discomfort will be tolerated. Participants will also be interviewed at their most
convenient time in a place where they are comfortable.

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
38
Affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as any possible conflicts of
interests have to be declared. Aspects to be considered such as budget, timeline and any
other research regarding important parts will be proposed prior to the study. The place
where the study will be conducted and the target participants will also be proposed by the
researchers.
Any type of communication in relation to the research should be done with
honesty and transparency. All the information, data and results will be presented without
any biases or dishonesty. Data and results will be recorded and showed in appendices for
transparency.
Any type of misleading information, as well as representation of primary data
findings in a biased way must be avoided. Paraphrasing, analysis and presentation of
gathered data and information will not go beyond its limits. Results of interviews and
findings of study will be presented in a much clearer summary without any biases or
misleading information.. 

Scene 5

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
38
Affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as any possible conflicts of
interests have to be declared. Aspects to be considered such as budget, timeline and any
other research regarding important parts will be proposed prior to the study. The place
where the study will be conducted and the target participants will also be proposed by the
researchers.
Any type of communication in relation to the research should be done with
honesty and transparency. All the information, data and results will be presented without
any biases or dishonesty. Data and results will be recorded and showed in appendices for
transparency.
Any type of misleading information, as well as representation of primary data
findings in a biased way must be avoided. Paraphrasing, analysis and presentation of
gathered data and information will not go beyond its limits. Results of interviews and
findings of study will be presented in a much clearer summary without any biases or
misleading information.

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
39
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Research Question 1: Descriptive Statistics
of the Respondents’ Demographic Profile
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3. 

Scene 6

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
39
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS
Research Question 1: Descriptive Statistics
of the Respondents’ Demographic Profile
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
40
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter provides a
Summary of Findings
In this section,
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are made.
Recommendations
This study seeks to determine whether a significant correlation exists between
Academic researchers.. 

Scene 7

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
40
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter provides a
Summary of Findings
In this section,
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are made.
Recommendations
This study seeks to determine whether a significant correlation exists between
Academic researchers.

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
41
REFERENCES
10 Eye-Opening Financial Literacy Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved August 22, 2023, from
https://www.opploans.com/oppu/financial-literacy/statistics-financial-literacy/
Abadilla, D. (2021, September 17). 70% of Filipinos stressed by debt. Inquirer News.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489002/70-of-filipinos-stressed-by-debt#
Adams, T., & Moore, M. (2007). High-risk health and credit behavior among 18- to
25-year-old college students. Journal of American College Health: J of ACH,
56(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.2.101-108. 

Scene 8

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
41
REFERENCES
10 Eye-Opening Financial Literacy Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved August 22, 2023, from
https://www.opploans.com/oppu/financial-literacy/statistics-financial-literacy/
Abadilla, D. (2021, September 17). 70% of Filipinos stressed by debt. Inquirer News.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1489002/70-of-filipinos-stressed-by-debt#
Adams, T., & Moore, M. (2007). High-risk health and credit behavior among 18- to
25-year-old college students. Journal of American College Health: J of ACH,
56(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.2.101-108

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
42
APPENDICES. 

Scene 9

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
42
APPENDICES

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
43
APPENDIX A
INFORMED CONSENT. 

Scene 10

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
43
APPENDIX A
INFORMED CONSENT

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
44
APPENDIX B
VALIDITY FORMS. 

Scene 11

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
44
APPENDIX B
VALIDITY FORMS

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
45
APPENDIX C
QUESTIONNAIRE. 

Scene 12

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
45
APPENDIX C
QUESTIONNAIRE

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
46
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name:
Address:
Date of Birth:
Sex:
Religion:
Civil Status:
Citizenship:
EDUCATION:
Undergraduate:
Bachelor of Business Administration Major in Financial
Management
Central Philippine Adventist College
Senior High School:
Central Philippine Adventist College
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
Junior High School:
Central Philippine Adventist College
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
Elementary:
Central Philippine Adventist College
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental. 

Scene 13

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
46
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name:
Address:
Date of Birth:
Sex:
Religion:
Civil Status:
Citizenship:
EDUCATION:
Undergraduate:
Bachelor of Business Administration Major in Financial
Management
Central Philippine Adventist College
Senior High School:
Central Philippine Adventist College
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
Junior High School:
Central Philippine Adventist College
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
Elementary:
Central Philippine Adventist College
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
47
DOCUMENTATION. 

Scene 14

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100
47
DOCUMENTATION

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100. 

Scene 15

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE ADVENTIST COLLEGE
School of Business and Accountancy
Alegria, Murcia, Negros Occidental
P.O Box 420, Bacolod City, Philippines, 6100

part 2