PowerPoint Presentation

Respiratory Control of pH.

[Audio] Respiratory Control of pH. Respiratory Control of pH.

[Audio] SYNOPSIS Introduction What is Acid Base Balance? Mechanisms Regulating Blood pH. Significance of Maintaining Acid Base Balance Acid Base Imbalance and their conditions..

[Audio] Introduction Acid Base Balance is a physiological and biochemical mechanism associated to body/blood pH..

[Audio] Why blood pH is Altered? Addition of various acids or alkalies by metabolic activities alters body/blood pH..

[Audio] Sources and Types of Acids and Alkalies Added During Metabolic Life Processes Acids are H+ donors. Bases are H+ acceptors, or give up OH- in solution ACID PRODUCTION TYPES OF ACIDS IN THE BODY VOLATILE acids they can leave solution and enter the atmosphere for example carbonic acid FIXED acid Those acids that do not leave solution for example sulfuric and phosphoric acid ORGANIC acid participants in or by-products of aerobic metabolism.

[Audio] Acid Base balance is a homeostatic mechanism Carried out to regulate the altered pH of blood and other body compartments to its normal constant range. Maintenance of Acid Base balance is a prime requisite to maintain normal healthy and active life.

[Audio] Acid-Base Balance It is the regulation of HYDROGEN ions. (The more Hydrogen ions, the more acidic the solution and the LOWER the pH) The acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured as pH.

[Audio] Acid Base Balance is Regulated By First Line of Defense Blood Buffer System Second Line of Defense Respiratory Mechanism Third Line of Defense Renal Mechanism.

Respiratory Regulation Reacts rapidly (seconds to minutes).

[Audio] Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product during cellular metabolism. When it combines with water (H2O), it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid then dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). This reversible reaction is facilitated by an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase..

[Audio] Mechanism The respiratory control of pH primarily involves the regulation of carbon dioxide levels. The respiratory center in the brain, specifically the medulla oblongata, monitors the blood pH using specialized chemoreceptors..

[Audio] Ventilation The medulla oblongata adjusts the rate and depth of breathing based on the detected levels of carbon dioxide. When blood carbon dioxide levels increase, the chemoreceptors stimulate an increase in the rate and depth of breathing, known as Hyperventilation. This results in the removal of excess carbon dioxide from the body through exhalation..

[Audio] By adjusting the rate and depth of breathing, the respiratory system influences the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled. Increasing ventilation helps eliminate more carbon dioxide from the body, which reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions and raises the blood pH. (back to normal).

[Audio] Low H2CO3 concentration in blood depresses respiratory centre ,causes hypoventilation i.e slow and shallow respiration. This retains H2CO3 in blood. If Nervous centre / Respiratory system fails. Acid Base Balance fails..

[Audio] Significance pH of blood and other body compartments are precisely regulated. pH is always tried to be maintained to its normal constant range. Acid Base Balance maintains the blood pH at normal constant narrow range of 7.35-7.45..

[Audio] Life is a Struggle, Not against sin, Not against money power, But against HYDROGEN IONS.