3. METADATA PRINCIPLES and PRACTICE

[Audio] Good morning doc, Good morning everyone. Lets continue to the second part of Metadata principles and practice..

[Audio] Topics are about MARC, SGML, XML Schemas, DTDs..

[Audio] MARC stands for Machine Readable Cataloging Standards, It is the vehicle for library system or refers to the ability of computers to .read and interpret bibliographic data. Records are encoded using specific tags and symbols. The form and type of the encoded data depend on the Cataloguing and Classification standards used. It is the Standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. In modern electronic catalogue Bibliographic data are encoded using MARC Format..

[Audio] Marc 21 format is set of codes used content designators defined for encoding machine readable records. There are five MARC 21 communication formats: Bibliographic Format – for encoding data elements that identify or control the content and content designation of those portions of a bibliographic record. Designed to be a carrier of bibliographic information. Authority Data - integrated format defined for the identification and description of different forms of bibliographic material. Provides information about individuals names, subject and uniform title. Holdings Data - for encoding data elements pertinent to holdings and location data for all forms of material. Provide copy-specific information on a library resources like call number, shelf location, volumes, etc… information about events, programs, services, etc Classification Data - Classification records are used for the maintenance and development of classification schemes. Community Information - records containing information about events, programs, services, etc. So that information can be integrated into the same public access catalogs or data in other types..

[Audio] The Content of data elements in Marc Records defines by Standards: Anglo American Cataloguing Rules ( AACR2) Resource Description & Access ( RDA) Library of Congress Subject Heading ( LCSH) They Provide guidelines on formulating Bibliographic data in to MARC Record structures 4. International Bibliographic Description Provide guidelines for displaying MARC Records in a standard. Structure of Marc Record It has FIELDS, Fields consists of three digit TAG and Each Tag makes use of INDICATORS & SUBFIELDS..

[Audio] This is an example of a MARC 21 records. This 100 is the Tag/ Fields – which we enter, encode, record on our bibliographic information. Its MARC fields consist of a 3 digit TAG. Each tag makes use of indicators and subfields. 10 represents the indicators. Indicators are the two digits that can be used to provide more information about the tag. In the lower part where identified by a delimiter, usually a lower case letter and preceded by a dollar sign is called subfield. In this sample the subfield a contains the extent of items, subfield b contains illustration and subfield c the height measurement of a book..

[Audio] These are the most Frequently used tags. 010 Library of Congress Control Number, 020 International Standard Book Number, 082 Dewey Decimal Classification, 100 Personal Name/ Main Entry, 245 Title Information, 250 Edition, 260 Publication Information, 300 Physical Description, 490 Series Statement, 500 General Note, 520 Summary Note, 650 Subject Heading, 700 Added Entry..

[Audio] These are some libraries using MARC 21. The National Library of the Philippines. Library of Congress and University of San Carlos. As you can see they have different features of MARC 21..

[Audio] Here are some MARC Specialized Tools that enhanced usability to MARC 21 records and system. 1. Infoworks Spelling checker for Database Maintenance It includes a special dictionary for library use and allow users to build custom dictionaries. 2. Surpass Copycat – a Z39. 50 copy cataloging tool. Sorry to tell but I can't find any example for this. Importance of MARC 21 are to prevent duplication of work and allow libraries to share better bibliographic resources..

[Audio] MARC History. In 1960, the American Computer Scientist, Henriette Avram, create records that could read by computers and shared among libraries. In 1999, with the Collaboration of United States and Canadian MARC formats, MARC 21 was created and designed to redefined the original MARC Record format to make it more accessible to the international community. It also allows user of different software products to communicate with each other and to exchange data. In 2002, Library of Congress developed the MARCXML Schema as means of facilitating the sharing of and networked access to bibliographical information..

[Audio] SGML stands for Standard General Markup Language. Allows to describe the structure of a collections of documents and provide provide a standard language for marking up the logical structure of textual documents. It is generic in defining a A logical data structure and marking up instance documents following the generic format. Currently, it used for data creation, data exchange, data storage, indexing , searching and retrieving, printing out and data viewing, and it has Technique for representing documents in machine-readable form..

[Audio] Often cited as a potential competitor or successor for the MARC formats SGML allows to attach links inside a document or between documents. Picture shows that document coded in SGML has the portions of text marked up by logical beginning and ending tags..

[Audio] SGML is a Language for defining a markup language. It is also considered to be the mother language of XML and HTML. And allows to describe the structure of a collection of documents. The difference between MARC structure and SGML is that structures expressed in SGML can be very deep compared to the flat structure of MARC data. That is why SGML was chosen over MARC for encoding records of the 3 projects because of MARC's limited accommodation of hierarchically structured information..

[Audio] These are the 3 projects that all make use of SGML. The Text Encoding Initiative - to develop guidelines for the preparation and interchange of electronic texts for scholarly research. FINDING AIDS FOR ARCHIVAL COLLECTION - develop an encoding standard for archive, museum, and library finding aids, and the Columbia University Digital Image Access Project ( DIAP) for housing and access to bibliographic and analytical data on digital images..

[Audio] This is an example of FINDING AIDS FOR ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS using SGML. It is deeply expressed and elaborate than using MARC 21. It also have Fields which we cant find in the MAR. record..

[Audio] XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. It is used in transporting and storing of data. It is Extremely useful because it simplifies the transfer of information from one system or program to another. It is only a tool, just as a word processor cannot write an interesting article by itself. Anyone are free to make up their own tags and attributes if they don't feel that those have been created by others meet their needs..

[Audio] XML uses by libraries quietly to perform functions such as improving access to archival materials, simplifying interlibrary loan processing and enhancing digital collections. In 1993, Library at the University of California Berkely started developing a method for encoding archival materials in XML. It was called Encoded Archival Description ( EAD) Standards , it was maintained by the Library of Congress. Pictures shows the existing resources in the Archival Collection. At the right side of your screen is the XML used in encoding the archival materials..

[Audio] Individual libraries have been improving their services by developing their own XML app. In 1988, Oregon State University has been using an application Interlibrary Loan Automated Search and Print ( ILLASAP). But bow it was developed and integrate to Interlibrary Loan and Scan and Deliver..

[Audio] DTDs stands for Document Type Definition. it is defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes of an XML document. It was designed for use in an on-line catalog employing SGML as its underlying record format and intended to "identify ( tag) content- bearing elements down to the subfield level. The Purpose of DTDs is to support the conversion of cataloging data from the MARC data structure to SGML (and back) without loss of data..

[Audio] These are my references.. References. Gaynor, E., (1996). From MARC to Markup: SGML and Online Library Systems. Retrieved from http://xml.coverpages.org/gaynorMARC96.html Lazarinis , F. (2015). Cataloguing and classification : an introduction to AARC2, RDA, DDC, LCC, LCSH, and MARC 21 standards. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2132051269/bookReader?accountid=31259. Lupovici , C., (1997). Cataloging in SGML : from tagging to markup. Retrieved from http://archive.ifla.org https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2017/10/marc-21.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARC_standards#:~:text=MARC%2021%20was%20designed%20to,Format%2C%20and%20Classification%20Data%20Format http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/FindingAids/.

[Audio] THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS.. THANK YOU AND GODBLESS.