RATING SCALE

RATING SCALE. - Apoorva Shar ma Ph.D. Scholar (2021) Department Of Education University Of Lucknow.

Contents. Tools for Research Rating Scale Forms of Rating Scale Steps followed in construction and Standardization of Rating Scale Precautions to be taken in Construction and Standardization of Rating Scale Limitations of Rating Scale Advantages of Rating Scale Disadvantages of Rating Scale Uses of Rating Scale.

In every research work, some facts and data need to be collected There are various sources of obtaining such data Data so collected much be appropriate in quantity and quality The instruments applied and employed as means for collecting data are called tools There are various tools used for purpose of research in education- Rating scales, observation, interviews, etc.

RATING SCALE. A Rating Scale is a set of categories designed to elicit information about a quantitative or qualitative attribute. It is a method that requires the rater to assign a value, sometime, numeric, to the rated object, as a measure of some related attribute For example, How was your day today?.

“ Rating is a term applied to expression of opinion or judgment regarding some situation, object or character. Opinions are generally expressed on a scale of values.” – Barr, Davis and Johnson “ Rating Scale refers to a scale with a set of points which describe varying degrees of the dimensions of an attribute observed.”- Koul (1997).

FORMS/TYPES OF RATING SCALES. Numerical Scale Graphic Scale Standard Scales Rating By Cumulative Points Forced Choice Ratings.

5 4 3 2 1 Very Good Good Normal Bad Very Bad. NUMERICAL SCALES :- It refers to a scale where sequence of definite numbers is supplied to the rater or to the observer. The observer assigns, to each stimulus to be rated, an appropriate number in line with those definitions or descriptions For example, following scales may be used in obtaining ratings of day’s experiences:- Point to Note : A numerical rating scale can have any scale in odd numbers so that there is always a middle one, favourable one and unfavourable one Advantage - Easy to construct, simple to form and administer Disadvantage - Error due to poor understanding, Biasness.

GRAPHIC SCALE It is most popular and most widely used . In this, traits essential for an attribute are listed and an individual has to rate them. For example,How was the teaching aid used by the teacher? Advantages - Interesting to rater, less motivation, simple and easy to administer Disadvantage- scoring is laborious..

STANDARD SCALES In a Standard Rating Scale, a set of standards is presented to the rater. The standards are generally objects of the same kind to be rated with pre-established scale values. It is further of two types- man-to-man and portrait rating scale For example, Grade in subjects based on achievement scores Advantages - simple and easy to understand Disadvantage - Difficulty in setting standards..

RATING BY CUMULATED POINTS In this method, the rating score for an attribute, object or individual is the sum or average of weighted or unweighted points. For example, class performance of child is assessed each day and at the year end grade is assigned based on his overall performance… Advantage - Useful in judging overall aspects Disadvantage - Time taking..

FORCED CHOICE RATING SCALE In this, rater is given a set of attributes in terms of verbal statements for a single item and he decides which one or ones, represent the individual being rated most appropriately and accurately . The items of Forced choice scale may have several alternatives. The four alternatives are more common in this type of scale. The rater may be asked to select any two statements which are most appropriate and representative of the person/attribute being rated. Advantages - easy to administer Disadvantage - Limits the rater.

STEPS FOLLOWED IN CONSTRUCTION and STANDARDISATION OF RATING SCALE.

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING CONSTRUCTION. SUBJECT Only most significant aspect of attribute should be selected. DURATION Instructions, continuum and points should be clearly defined . JUDGES Expert or representative of sample population should be selected as judge. Several judges must be selected to increase the reliability.

LIMITATIONS OF RATING SCALES. ERROR OF LENIENCY- constant tendency among rater to rate those whom they know well or in whom they are closely involved, higher than they should. ERROR OF CENTRAL TENDENCY- Most of the raters hesitate to rate the individuals on the extremes of the scale and tend to rate them on middle. This leads to distortion of results. HALO EFFECT - The general favorable impression about a particular thing leads to have a favorable opinion about its unfavorable things also..

THE LOGICAL ERROR- It is due to the fact that judges are likely to give similar ratings for traits which they feel logically related to each other. THE CONSTANT ERROR- It is due to a tendency of a rater to rate others in the opposite direction(contrasting) from himself. THE PROXIMITY ERROR- It has been seen that adjacent traits on a rating tend to inter correlate higher than remote ones, their degree of actual similarity being approximately equal. This error may be counteracted to some extent by placing similar traits further apart and the different ones close together.

ADVANTAGES OF RATING SCALES. Easy to administer Standard device for rating qualitative and quantitative judgments about observed performance Evaluation is easy and incorporates various aspects of an attribute.

DISADVANTAGES OF RATING SCALES. Limitations associated with Rating scale need to be considered If it is not properly constructed and administered then it can result in consequent decrease in its objectivity. Their can be lack of uniformity in interpretation of terms by evaluators. Hence, operational definition of traits need to be given..

USES OF RATING SCALES. Helpful in writing reports to parents Helpful in filling out admission blanks for college Making recommendations to employer Supplementing other sources of understanding about the child Can be used for Teacher Rating, personality rating, school appraisal, sociological survey, etc..

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References. Koul Lokesh (2018); Methodology Of Educational Research ; Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi Rating scales; https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rating_scale ; Retrieved on 28/12/2022 at 13:31hrs.

THANK YOU. -Apoorva Sharma |Ph.D. Scholar | Department Of Education | University Of Lucknow.