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Hazard identification and risk assessment  are required for a safe workplace. Ensuring safety begins at the recognition of these hazards and risks in the workplace. Come, and learn what the hazards are and how to look out for them.

Frederick Douglass once said, “Once you learn to read, you will be forever free”. And when you grab this module and read it comprehensively, certainly, you will not only be free but your place will be hazard-free and you will be risk-free. Excited? Grab it now! Happy reading,  kid !

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Hazard and Risk Defined and Differentiated

Many things affect the health of a person, such as his environment, his lifestyle, etc. Work is an important determinant of health. It can influence health positively or negatively.

A place that is safe, healthy and work-conducive entails more productivity. In fact, with a healthy workplace, you will be doing more work with less effort.

Hazard is a term used to describe something that has the potential to cause harm.

Risk, on the other hand, is a measure of the possibility of a specific harmful effect in given circumstances. It is very important to know the difference between a hazard and a risk. It is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss, or harmful effects on the environment.

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Is the chance that someone or something could be harmed  by that hazard.

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Having a  respiratory illness due to inhalation of chemical is a risk.

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Inadequate and insufficient machine guards

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Anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on the worker, such as repetitive and forceful movements, vibration, extreme temperatures, and awkward postures arising from improper work methods and improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment.

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Those that are causing stress to a worker. This kind of hazard troubles an individual very much to the extent that his general well-being is affected.

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Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources General examples include any substance, material, process, practice, etc. that can cause harm or adverse health effect to a person under certain conditions. See Table 1.

Table 1  Examples of Hazards and Their Effects

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Workplace hazards also include practices or conditions that release uncontrolled energy like:  an object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy)  a run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy)  the release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature)  entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy)  contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy)

Occupational Health and Safety                 Hazard identification and elimination and risk assessment and control" uses the following terms:  •  Risk  – the combination of the likelihood of the occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.  •  Likelihood  – the chance of something happening.  Note:  In risk assessment terminology, the word “likelihood” is used to refer to the chance of something happening, whether defined, measured, or determined objectively or subjectively, qualitatively or quantitatively, and described using general terms or mathematically (e.g., a probability or a frequency over a given period).

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For example, the risk of developing cancer from smoking cigarettes could be expressed as:   "cigarette smokers are 12 times (for example) more likely to die of lung cancer than non-smokers" or  "the number per 100,000 smokers who will develop lung cancer" (actual number depends on factors such as their age and how many years they have been smoking). These risks are expressed as a probability or likelihood of developing a disease or getting injured, whereas hazard refers to the agent responsible (i.e. smoking)

Factors that influence the degree or likelihood of risk are:  the nature of the exposure: how much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition (e.g., several times a day or once a year),  how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact), and  the severity of the effect. For example, one substance may cause skin cancer, while another may cause skin irritation. Cancer is a much more serious effect than an irritation.

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Factors that influence the degree or likelihood of risk are:  the nature of the exposure: how much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition (e.g., several times a day or once a year),   how the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact), and  the severity of the effect. For example, one substance may cause skin cancer, while another may cause skin irritation. Cancer is a much more serious effect than an irritation.

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