A close-up of a human body Description automatically generated. 

Scene 1

A close-up of a human body

Description automatically generated

Red blood cells suspended in mid-air. What is chronic kidney disease and what are the stages of this condition?. 

Scene 2

What is chronic kidney disease and what are the stages of this condition?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a condition where the kidneys are impaired and unable to effectively filter blood. Because of this, there is a buildup of excess fluid and waste in the body, potentially leading to various health issues like heart disease and stroke.

Chronic kidney disease stages are usually categorized according to the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), which indicates the kidneys' performance. Here are the stages.. 

Scene 3

Chronic kidney disease stages are usually categorized according to the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), which indicates the kidneys' performance. Here are the stages.

Stage 1- eGFR of 90 or greater- Normal function

 Stage 2- eGFR between 60 and 89- Mild loss of function

 Stage3A-eGFR between 45 and 59- Mild-to moderate loss of function

 Stage 3B-eGFR between 30 and 44 Moderate to severe loss of kidney function


 Stage 4-eGFR between15-29 Severe loss of kidney function

 Stage 5-eGFR less than 15 -Kidney failure

Scene 4

Discover the root cause of your Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and explore the potential risk factors that may have played a role in its development.. 

Scene 5

Discover the root cause of your Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and explore the potential risk factors that may have played a role in its development.

Diabetes: Diabetes is a leading cause of CKD. High blood sugar levels over time can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste products.

 Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a significant risk factor for CKD. It can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their effectiveness in filtering blood.

 Older Age: Aging itself is a risk factor for CKD. The kidneys naturally undergo changes with age, and these changes can contribute to decreased kidney function.

 Family History: Individuals with a family history of kidney disease may have an increased risk of developing CKD.

 Obesity: Excess body weight can contribute to the development and progression of CKD, particularly when associated with diabetes and hypertension.

 Cardiovascular Disease: Heart conditions and vascular diseases can impact kidney health, as the kidneys rely on a healthy blood supply.

Close-up unopened pill packets. How will chronic kidney disease impact my daily routine and daily activities?. 

Scene 6

How will chronic kidney disease impact my daily routine and daily activities?

The severity of the condition, individual symptoms, and other health issues can have a varying impact on your daily routine and activities. CKD may affect your daily life in several ways: Dietary Changes: Following a kidney-friendly diet may necessitate adjustments to your eating habits.  Limitations in Tasks: You may no longer be able to perform certain tasks or engage in activities you usually enjoy due to increased fatigue. Regular Physical Activity: It is now important to incorporate regular and moderate physical activity into your lifestyle. Medical Appointments and Tests: You will now need to attend frequent medical appointments and undergo laboratory tests to monitor kidney function.

What are the potential complications of chronic kidney, disease, and how can I prevent them?. 

Scene 7

What are the potential complications of chronic kidney, disease, and how can I prevent them?

Complications of chronic kidney disease include high blood pressure, which can worsen kidney damage. It is important to control blood pressure through lifestyle changes and medication.   Being on dialysis can increase the risk of developing anemia due to low levels of erythropoietin (EPO). This can affect the production of red blood cells. Additionally, CKD can lead to low calcium and high phosphorus levels, weakening bones and increasing the risk of fractures.
 To prevent these complications and slow the progression of CKD, it is important to have regular medical check-ups, control blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and adopt a healthy lifestyle including a balanced diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol intake.

A person tying a shoelace Description automatically generated. 

Scene 8

A person tying a shoelace

Description automatically generated

What lifestyle changes can I make to help manage my chronic kidney disease?

Taking control of your lifestyle can greatly assist in managing your chronic kidney disease. One effective change you can make is to incorporate regular physical activity into your routine. Engaging in physical activity is beneficial for individuals with kidney disease, regardless of the severity. It not only increases your energy levels and promotes better sleep, but also strengthens your bones and helps combat depression. Additionally, being physically active can lower the risk of complications such as heart disease. Another crucial step is to quit smoking or refrain from starting, as smoking can worsen kidney disease and interfere with blood pressure medication. Furthermore, it is essential to maintain a balanced diet that is specifically tailored to suit chronic kidney disease. By making these lifestyle changes, you can take proactive measures to manage your condition effectively.

What dietary modifications should I make to protect my kidneys and manage my condition?. 

Scene 9

What dietary modifications should I make to protect my kidneys and manage my condition?

A jar of oatmeal with strawberries Description automatically generated. 

Scene 10

A jar of oatmeal with strawberries

Description automatically generated

To protect your kidneys and manage your condition, it is important to make certain dietary modifications. One of the key changes you should make is to limit your intake of salt or sodium. This is particularly crucial for individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). As your kidneys gradually lose their ability to regulate the balance of sodium and water in your body, reducing sodium in your diet can help lower blood pressure and minimize fluid retention, which is a common issue in kidney disease.
 It is advisable to focus on consuming fresh, homemade meals and consume only small portions of restaurant and packaged foods, as they often contain high levels of sodium. When shopping for food, look for products with low sodium content (5% or less) as indicated on the food labels.
 Depending on the stage of your kidney disease, you may also need to decrease your intake of potassium, phosphorus, and protein. It is important to note that certain foods that are typically considered healthy may not be suitable for a CKD diet.
 For breakfast, a recommended option for individuals with chronic kidney disease is a High-Protein Apple Oatmeal Custard. This recipe includes ingredients such as apple, oatmeal, egg, and almond milk. You can find the detailed recipe at https://www.davita.com/diet-nutrition/recipes/breakfast-brunch/quick-and-easy-apple-oatmeal-custard.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

Burgers and milkshakes. Are there any specific foods or nutrients that I should be avoiding?. 

Scene 11

Are there any specific foods or nutrients that I should be avoiding?

It is important to be mindful about certain foods to stay healthy. Canned foods like soups, meats, and vegetables are often chosen for their affordability and convenience. However, most canned foods have high sodium levels because salt is added to preserve them. People with kidney disease are usually advised to limit or avoid canned goods due to their sodium content.
 Bananas are known for their high potassium content, but they are naturally low in sodium. This can be an issue for those who need to reduce their potassium intake, especially if bananas are a regular part of their diet.
 Processed meats like bacon, salami, and sausage are linked to chronic diseases and are generally considered unhealthy due to their preservatives. For more information on foods to avoid with CKD, please visit  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-to-avoid-with-kidney-disease

A row of samples for medical testing. How often should I monitor my kidney function and what tests will I need?. 

Scene 12

How often should I monitor my kidney function and what tests will I need?

The frequency at which kidney function should be monitored varies depending on factors such as the stage of chronic kidney disease and underlying conditions. However, the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) recommends monitoring between once a year and two or more times a year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), the necessary tests include urine tests, blood tests, blood pressure measurements, and kidney biopsies.

Will I need to take medication to manage my chronic kidney disease, and what are the potential side effects?. 

Scene 13

A pile of pills and tablets

Description automatically generated

Will I need to take medication to manage my chronic kidney disease, and what are the potential side effects?

In most cases, chronic kidney disease cannot be cured. However, depending on the underlying cause, certain types of kidney disease can be treated. These treatments may involve addressing the cause, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Additionally, there are other treatments available to manage complications, such as taking medications to protect your bones through calcium and vitamin D supplements. For end-stage kidney disease, options include dialysis, which artificially removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so, or a kidney transplant, where a healthy kidney from a donor is surgically placed into the recipient's body.

How long will I need to take medication, and will I need to adjust my dosage over time?. 

Scene 14

How long will I need to take medication, and will I need to adjust my dosage over time?

The length of time for taking medication and the necessity of changing the dosage can vary based on different factors like the medical condition and overall health. For chronic conditions, medication may be needed long-term and may require adjustments in dosage based on the individual's specific needs.

Are there any alternative treatments or complementary therapies that may help protect my kidneys?. 

Scene 15

A close-up of pills and fruits

Description automatically generated

Are there any alternative treatments or complementary therapies that may help protect my kidneys?

There are various alternative treatments and complementary therapies that can potentially protect your kidneys. One option to consider is acupuncture, as some studies have suggested that it may help manage symptoms of kidney disease, such as pain and nausea. Additionally, certain herbal supplements like turmeric, ginger, and astragalus have shown potential benefits for kidney health. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness and safety of these herbs can vary, and it's crucial to discuss them with your healthcare provider, especially since some herbs can interact with medications. Another way to support your kidney health is through dietary changes. Incorporating kidney-friendly foods and supplements into your diet can be beneficial. For example, omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil have anti-inflammatory effects, while antioxidants from fruits and vegetables can support overall health.

A person measuring blood pressure Description automatically generated. 

Scene 16

A person measuring blood pressure

Description automatically generated

A close-up of a blood glucose meter

Description automatically generated

How can I manage other health conditions that may worsen my chronic kidney disease, such as high blood pressure or diabetes?

It is important to adhere to a balanced and kidney-friendly diet by reducing the consumption of processed foods, high-sugar items, and foods high in salt content. Additionally, maintaining a blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg (or as per your doctor's recommendation) is crucial. For individuals with diabetes, it is essential to keep blood sugar levels within the target range. Engaging in physical activity can help in controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, while weight loss is recommended for those who are overweight.

Can I still drink alcohol and caffeine with chronic kidney disease, and if so, how much is safe?. 

Scene 17

Can I still drink alcohol and caffeine with chronic kidney disease, and if so, how much is safe?

If you decide to consume alcohol, it is advisable to do so in moderation. Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol can contribute to high blood pressure and potentially worsen kidney function. Similarly, caffeine consumption should also be done in moderation. According to the National Kidney Foundation (2017), coffee is not harmful for individuals with kidney disease. However, there are a few factors to consider. Caffeine can cause a temporary but sudden increase in blood pressure. Additionally, it is important to note that coffee counts as a fluid intake. If you are following a restricted fluid diet, you should take into account the amount of coffee you consume as part of your daily fluid allowance.

How does fluid intake affect my kidneys, and what is the recommended daily fluid intake?. 

Scene 18

How does fluid intake affect my kidneys, and what is the recommended daily fluid intake?

[image] Test tubes with one test tube in orange with drops

Proper fluid intake is important for kidney function. Not drinking enough fluids can lead to dehydration and kidney stone formation. On the other hand, excessive fluid intake without enough electrolytes can cause imbalances. Maintaining electrolyte balance, especially sodium, is crucial for overall health. Adequate hydration helps regulate blood volume and pressure, with the kidneys adjusting urine output as needed. While the recommended fluid intake may vary, a general guideline is to aim for about 8 cups of fluid daily, including water and other drinks. It's a good idea to consult healthcare providers to determine the right amount of fluid intake.

How often do I need to see my healthcare provider for check-ups and monitoring of my chronic kidney disease?. 

Scene 19

Scan of a human brain in a neurology clinic

How often do I need to see my healthcare provider for check-ups and monitoring of my chronic kidney disease?

The frequency of check-ups and monitoring for chronic kidney disease (CKD) may differ based on the stage of the disease, individual health factors, or the presence of other medical conditions. Check-ups are typically advised every 3 to 12 months for early stages, 4-5 times for moderate stages, and 1-3 times for severe cases. For individuals on dialysis or who have received a kidney transplant, a more intensive follow-up schedule is recommended. Your healthcare provider will tailor the frequency of check-ups to meet your specific needs.

What are the signs and symptoms of kidney failure, and when should I seek medical attention?. 

Scene 20

What are the signs and symptoms of kidney failure, and when should I seek medical attention?

A group of white and red question marks

Description automatically generated

According to Mayo Clinic (2022), signs of acute kidney failure can include: 

 - Foamy urine

 - Reduced urine output

 - Swelling in legs, ankles, or feet due to fluid retention

 -Shortness of breath

 -Weakness

 - Irregular heartbeat

 If these symptoms persist or worsen, it's important to promptly seek medical help.

Will chronic kidney disease affect my ability to work, drive, or engage in physical activities?. 

Scene 21

Will chronic kidney disease affect my ability to work, drive, or engage in physical activities?

The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on your ability to work, drive, and engage in physical activities can vary depending on how severe the condition is. In the early stages of CKD, when symptoms are mild, many people are able to continue working. However, in advanced stages of CKD, fatigue, cognitive impairment, or other symptoms may affect the ability to drive. It is generally recommended for individuals with CKD to stay physically active, but the intensity and type of exercise may need to be adjusted based on their health status and symptoms.

A silhouette of a family holding hands Description automatically generated. 

Scene 22

A silhouette of a family holding hands

Description automatically generated

How can I explain my chronic kidney disease diagnosis to my family, friends, and coworkers

To effectively explain chronic kidney disease to family, friends, and coworkers, it is important to educate oneself about it first. Providing information about CKD and its treatment options can help others understand better. Clearly communicating any specific needs for support and understanding is crucial. By expressing these needs, others can assist better. Encouraging questions from family, friends, and coworkers is essential for open communication. This gives me the chance to address any concerns they may have. Keeping loved ones informed about my health journey is important. Regular updates will help them understand my condition's progression and provide necessary support.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Close-up unopened pill packets. What steps can I take to prevent kidney-related complications such as kidney failure or cardiovascular disease?. 

Scene 23

What steps can I take to prevent kidney-related complications such as kidney failure or cardiovascular disease?

To prevent kidney-related complications, such as kidney failure and cardiovascular disease, it is important to follow a healthy lifestyle. This includes controlling your blood pressure, maintaining a balanced and kidney-friendly diet, and achieving a healthy weight through regular exercise. Additionally, attending regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor kidney function and manage any underlying conditions is crucial. If you have been prescribed medications for conditions like cardiovascular disease or diabetes, make sure to take them as directed by your healthcare provider

Close-up of several hands stacked on top of each other Description automatically generated. 

Scene 24

Close-up of several hands stacked on top of each other

Description automatically generated

Where can I find additional support and resources for managing my chronic kidney disease and improving my overall health?

Managing Chronic Kidney Disease requires more than just medical treatments; it necessitates a substantial amount of support. Fortunately, there are numerous avenues to seek additional assistance and resources. Whether it be through local healthcare institutions or online platforms, you can find valuable support. Organizations such as CDC- Chronic Kidney Disease, NKD- National Kidney Foundation, and FKC- Fresenius Kidney Care offer a wealth of information and resources to aid you in your journey.

Desk with stethoscope and computer keyboard. References. 

Scene 25

Desk with stethoscope and computer keyboard

Gunnars, K. (2021, September 9). Foods to Avoid with Kidney Disease. Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-to-avoid-with-kidney-disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Kidney Disease: Kidney Tests. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/publications-resources/kidney-tests.html National Kidney Foundation. (2017, June 21). Coffee and Kidney Disease. Retrieved from https://www.kidney.org/newsletter/coffee-and-kidney-disease Fresenius Kidney Care. (n.d.). Using the Kidney Care Community.     Fresenius Kidney Care - Using the Kidney Care Community
 DaVita. (n.d.). Quick and Easy Apple Oatmeal Custard Recipe. DaVita - Quick and Easy Apple Oatmeal Custard Recipe