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SAU. MINATAI THAKRE INSTITUTE OF NURSING EDUCATION, TMC, THANE.

SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO. 1. Chapter-I Introduction. Background of the study. Need for the study. Problem statement. Statement of objectives. Operational Definitions Hypothesis. 5-13 2. Chapter-II Review Of Literature 14-21.

3. Chapter-III Research Methodology Description of dependant and independent variables. Description of the tool. Description of the study setting. Sample and sampling technique. Procedure for data collection. Plan for analysis. 22- 23 4. Chapter-IV Data interpretation. Data Analysis. 24-53.

5. Chapter-V Summary and recommendations 54-58 6. Chapter-VI Bibliography. Annexure 59-81.

CHAPTER I Introduction:- “A Single needle stick injury can change a life in an instant” An occupational hazard is a hazard experienced in the workplace. This encompasses many types of hazards, including chemical hazards, biological hazards (biohazards), psychosocial hazards, and physical hazards1. Needle stick injuries occur in the healthcare environment. When drawing blood, administering an intramuscular or intravenous drug, or performing any procedure involving sharps, accidents can occur and facilitate the transmission of blood-borne diseases2..

Need of the Study: Nursing students, as emerging healthcare professionals, are frequently exposed to needle stick injuries (NSIs) during their clinical practice. These injuries pose a significant risk of transmitting life-threatening blood borne infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Effective management of NSIs, particularly through timely and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment, is crucial in preventing such infections. However, there is evidence that nursing students often lack the necessary knowledge to respond effectively to Needle stick injury (NSI), potentially leading to delayed treatment and increased risk of adverse health outcomes. The importance of educating nursing students about the protocols for handling Needle Stick Injury (NSIs), including the administration of PEP, cannot be overstated..

Adequate knowledge in this area not only safeguards the health of the students themselves but also ensures they are well-prepared to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Despite this, there remains a noticeable gap in the current nursing curricula, where the practical aspects of Needle Stick Injury (NSI) management and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) protocols are often underemphasized. Given the critical role that nursing students play in the healthcare system and the high incidence of NSIs in clinical training environments, there is a clear and urgent need for targeted educational interventions. A well-structured health teaching program focused on enhancing students' knowledge of PEP treatment following NSIs could significantly improve their preparedness and response in real-world scenarios. This, in turn, would reduce the risk of infection transmission and promote a safer clinical learning environment20..

Statement:- A study to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching program on the knowledge regarding post exposure prophylactic treatment after needle stick injury among nursing students..

Objectives:- To assess the knowledge regarding post exposure prophylactic treatment after needle stick injury among nursing students. To provide planned health teaching regarding post exposure prophylactic treatment after needle stick injury. To assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching program..

Hypothesis Hypothesis (H0) – The planned health teaching program does not significantly increase the level of knowledge regarding post-exposure prophylaxis treatment after needle stick injury among nursing student Hypothesis (H1) The planned health teaching program significantly increases the level of knowledge regarding post-exposure prophylaxis treatment after needle stick injury among nursing student.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Effectiveness - Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. Teaching - Teaching is an arrangement and manipulation of a situation in which there are gaps and obstructions which an individual will section of a situation from which he will learn in course of doing so. - John Brubacher (1939) Knowledge - Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning Post Exposure Prophylaxis:-Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) refers to a preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen (such as a virus or bacteria) to prevent infection [5]..

Prophylaxis:-The term prophylaxis means preventive. It comes from the Greek word “phylax,” meaning “to guard” and “watching.” Prophylactic treatment is used in healthcare to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease [6] Needle Stick Injury - Needle stick injuries occur in the healthcare environment. When drawing blood, administering an intramuscular or intravenous drug, or performing any procedure involving sharps, accidents can occur and facilitate the transmission of blood-borne diseases Research Methodology- Research methodology refers to the systematic and scientific approach used to conduct research studies, including the methods, procedures, and tools employed to collect, analyze, and interpret data. It encompasses the philosophical, theoretical, and practical aspects of research design, implementation, and evaluation..

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter comprises the methodology for the study, research approach, and design for the study, study setting. Sample size and sampling technique of data collection the pilot study and for data analysis. This study was done with the purpose to assess the knowledge on Post Exposure Prophylaxis after Needle Stick Injury among Nursing Students. RESEARCH APPROACH The quantitative approach was used in this study. RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive design is used in this study..

SETTING OF THE STUDY The researchers planned to analyze descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage distribution going to be used to analyze the demographic data knowledge of 2nd year and 3rd year students about post exposure prophylaxis before and after planned health teaching program is being analyzed by frequency and percentage. This study was conducted in nursing college. We selected 2nd and 3rd year GNM students. Total 60 nursing student are present .The Nursing college is situated in Khopat, Thane POPULATION The target population of the study nursing students studying in nursing college. DESCRIPTION OF DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Independent variable is planned health teaching program Dependent variable is knowledge..

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL The tool used for research is PPT presentation PART – I It consists of Demographic Variables such as Age, Gender and Clinical Year of Experience as a student. PART – II It consists of 15 multiple choice questions to assess the level of knowledge of nursing students regarding post exposure prophylaxis after needle stick injury. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY SETTING SAMPLE 2nd and 3rd Year GNM Students are selected as a Sample..

SAMPLE SIZE The Sample size consists of 60 nursing students who are studying in nursing college who full filled the inclusion criteria of sample selection. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Convenience sampling techniques was used to select the sample. CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION INCLUSION CRITERIA 2nd year GNM Students. EXCLUSION CRITERIA 1st year GNM Students, nursing tutors and administration faculty. PROCEDURE OF DATA COLLECTION The Data were collected on 23/08/2024 at Nursing Institute before the Questionnaire the purpose of questionnaire was explained to all the Nursing Student. The time schedule for Data collection was from 04:00 PM to 05:00PM, the time taken for each student was 10 mines. Data were collected by Using Mailed Questionnaire, to assess the knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis after needle stick injury..

SUMMARY AND RECOMENDESION: The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching program on the knowledge regarding post exposure prophylactic treatment after needle stick injury among nursing students. Objectives are as follows :- To assess the knowledge regarding post exposure prophylactic treatment after needle stick injury among nursing students. To provide planned health teaching regarding post exposure prophylactic treatment after needle stick injury. To assess the effectiveness of planned health teaching program..

A descriptive study to determine the knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis after needle stick injury among nursing student. The research design was descriptive design with the sample size of 58 purposive sampling. The quantitative research approach with descriptive design was used in this study. The purpose of the study to assess the knowledge of post exposure prophylaxis after needle stick injury among nursing student Questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding Post exposure prophylaxis after needle stick injury . The aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge of Post exposure prophylaxis to improve knowledge. Review of literature enabled the investigator to develop the conceptual frame work, methodology, setting for the study, and plan for data analysis was adopted for this study was focused on providing knowledge about the post exposure prophylaxis..

RECOMMENDATION: Effectiveness of needle stick injury prevention programs in diverse healthcare settings. Case-control studies to identify risk factors. Survey research to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Present at conferences and develop policy briefs. Compare different educational programs for healthcare workers on needle stick injury prevention..

CONCLUSION The above study concludes that the effectiveness of a planned health teaching program on the level of knowledge regarding post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after needle stick injury among nursing students. During pretest most of the students were unaware that the post exposure prophylaxis includes antiretroviral medication, also the some of the students were unaware about during pregnancy post exposure prophylaxis can be used . After planned health teaching program students were aware about antiretroviral medications used in post exposure prophylaxis, the treatment also can be used during pregnancy. The comparison of pre-test and post-test scores revealed a significant increase in knowledge after the intervention..

The increase in post-test scores suggests that the educational intervention successfully addressed gaps in knowledge and equipped students with essential information to manage needle stick injuries safely. In conclusion, the planned health teaching program proved to be an effective method for increasing nursing students' knowledge about post-exposure prophylaxis, reinforcing the value of targeted educational interventions in healthcare training..

RESULT: During pre test 86.40% students aware that to wash the affected area with soap and water immediately after a needle stick injury and 13.60% students don’t think so. In post test 94.90% students answered ‘yes’ and 5.10% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 55.90% students aware that to squeeze the wound after a needle stick injury and 44.10% students don’t think so. In post test 72.90% students answered ‘yes’ and 27.10% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 81.40% students aware that to report a needle stick injury even if there is no visible blood and 18.60% students didn’t aware about it. In post test 93.20% students answered ‘yes’ and 6.80% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 54.20% students aware about Post Exposure Prophylaxis regimen for needle stick injury and 45.80% students didn’t aware about it. In post test 15,30% students answered ‘yes’ and 84.70% students answered ‘no’..

During pre test 79.80% students aware Post Exposure Prophylaxis includes antiretroviral medication and 20.20% students didn’t aware about it. In post test 97.00%% students answered ‘yes’ and 3.00% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 89.80% students aware about Post Exposure Prophylaxis provided under medical supervision and 10.20% students didn’t aware about it. In post test 93.20% students answered ‘yes’ and 6.80% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 44.10% students aware about Post Exposure Prophylaxis medications used in pregnancy and 55.90% students didn’t aware about it. In post test 71.20% students answered ‘yes’ and 28.80% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 88.10% students aware about testing and counseling the first step in Post Exposure Prophylaxis and 11.90% students didn’t aware about it. In post test 94.90% students answered ‘yes’ and 5.10% students answered ‘no’..

During pre test 90.00% students aware about zidovudine and Lamivudine used as basic regimen in post exposure prophylaxis and 10.00% students didn’t aware about it.In post test 96.4% students answered ‘yes’ and 3.60% students answered ‘no’. During pre test 40.70% students answered HIV positive,37.30% students answered HIV negative,15.30% students answered HCV positive and 6.80% students answered HbsAg positive. During post test 32.20% students answered HIV positive,44.10% students answered HIV negative,10.20% students answered HCV positive and 13.60% students answered HbsAg positive. During pre test 18.60% students answered a & b,35.60% students answered b & c,27.10 % students answered c & d and 18.60% students answered a & d. During post test 33.90% students answered a & b,25.40% students answered b & c,18.60 % students answered c & d and 22.0% students answered a & d. During pre test 30.50% students aware about nausea and vomiting are the most commonest side effects of the Post Exposure Prophylaxis Medication and 69.50% students didn’t aware about it. Hypothesis(H1) is achieved..