1 | P a g e • Normal color of meat Brick red (light red to dark red) depend on myoglobin. • Jaundice (Icterus) (Bilirubinemia): o Types: Hemolytic jaundice (pre-hepatic), Toxic Jaundice (hepatic), Obstructive jaundice (post-hepatic) o To distinguish it from physiological carotene pigments, it is important to note: 1. yellow pigment (carotene) is hypersensitive to oxygen and light and disappear by exposure for 24 hours, while in icterus pigments they remain unaltered. 2. Boiling test: No odor in physiological coloration. fecal odor in jaundice. 3. (Rapid phase test) (Rimmigton and Fowrie) Definition A chemical test used to differentiate between physiological yellow coloration (carotene) and pathological yellow coloration (bile pigment) in case of jaundice. Reagents -Fat sample. -NaoH 5 %. - Diethyl ether. Principle o We differentiate between: Bile salt: dissolved in NaOH Fat soluble pigment (carotene): dissolved in lipid solvent as Diethyl ether o Tube separated into 2 layers: the upper layer is Diethyl ether The lower layer is NaOH Procedur
e Abnormal coloration of meat. 

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1 | P a g e  
 
 
• Normal color of meat              Brick red (light red to dark red) depend on myoglobin.  
• Jaundice (Icterus) (Bilirubinemia): 
o Types: Hemolytic jaundice (pre-hepatic), Toxic Jaundice (hepatic), Obstructive jaundice 
(post-hepatic)  
o To distinguish it from physiological carotene pigments, it is important to note: 
1. yellow pigment (carotene) is hypersensitive to oxygen and light and disappear by 
exposure for 24 hours, while in icterus pigments they remain unaltered. 
2. Boiling test:  No odor in physiological coloration.     fecal odor in jaundice. 
3. (Rapid phase test) (Rimmigton and Fowrie) 
Definition A chemical test used to differentiate between physiological yellow coloration 
(carotene) and pathological yellow coloration (bile pigment) in case of jaundice. 
Reagents -Fat sample.              -NaoH 5 %.                              - Diethyl ether. 
Principle 
o We differentiate between: 
Bile salt: dissolved in NaOH 
Fat soluble pigment (carotene): dissolved in lipid solvent as Diethyl ether  
o Tube separated into 2 layers: the upper layer is Diethyl ether 
                                                      The lower layer is NaOH 
Procedur
e 
 
Abnormal coloration of meat

2 | P a g e Result 4. Martin’s test: Definition A chemical test used to differentiate between physiological yellow coloration (carotene) and pathological yellow coloration (bile pigment) in case of jaundice Reagents -alcohol -concentrated H2SO4 Procedure Result Appearance of yellow, greenish, or brownish color converting to blue indicates the presence of jaundice. 

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2 | P a g e  
 
Result 
 
 
4. Martin’s test: 
Definition A chemical test used to differentiate between physiological yellow coloration 
(carotene) and pathological yellow coloration (bile pigment) in case of jaundice 
Reagents 
-alcohol                       -concentrated H2SO4 
Procedure 
 
Result 
Appearance of yellow, greenish, or brownish color converting to blue indicates 
the presence of jaundice

3 | P a g e Judgment of the two tests: 1- In severe cases: total condemnation for its abnormal color, bitter taste, abnormal fecal odor, and high possibility of food poisoning salmonella presence. 2- In slight cases: keep the carcass for 24 hours in a detention room to give chance for the discoloration to disappear after rigor mortis. If it is good, it passes after confirming of its free from fecal odor and salmonella. 

Scene 3

3 | P a g e  
 
Judgment 
of the two 
tests: 
1- In severe cases: total condemnation for its abnormal color, bitter taste, 
abnormal fecal odor, and high possibility of food poisoning salmonella presence. 
 
 
2- In slight cases: keep the carcass for 24 hours in a 
detention room to give chance for the discoloration to 
disappear after rigor mortis. If it is good, it passes after 
confirming of its free from fecal odor and salmonella

presentation 1