Presentation of Mitosis

Presentation of Mitosis. By : Abhisek Magar.

Mitosis. Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Strictly applied, the term mitosis is used to describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structures that carry the genetic information. This cell divison completes in three steps as described in the following slides:.

Interphase or interkinesis. The period of resting time required by a newly formed cell to be ready for further division is called interphase or interkinesis. The cells grow, store nutrients and do the metabolic processes during this phase. During this phase, they replicate DNA in their chromosomes, which is a step for the cells to prepare for further cell division..

KAryokinesis. In karyokinesis, a cell divides its nucleus. The karyokinesis of mitosis cell division completes in the following four stages:.

prophase. Mitosis begins at prophase with the thickening and coiling of the chromosomes. During this stage, the diffuse chromatin in the cell nucleus gradually condenses into well-defined chromosomes, each consisting of two identical sister chromatids. The nucleolus, a rounded structure within the nucleus, shrinks and disappears, as does the nuclear membrane. The end of prophase is marked by the beginning of the organization of a group of microtubules to form a spindle. In later stages of mitosis, the chromatids will attach to this spindle and pull apart, ensuring that each daughter cell has an identical and complete set of chromosomes..

metaphase. Metaphase is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage. These chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the equator of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells..

anaphase. During anaphase, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes. The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is made of many long proteins called microtubules, which are attached to a chromosome at one end and to the pole of a cell at the other end. The sister chromatids are separated simultaneously at their centromeres. The separated chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle to opposite poles of the cell..

Telophase. Telophase is the fifth phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. Telophase begins once the replicated, paired chromosomes have been separated and pulled to opposite sides, or poles, of the cell. During telophase, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm. The chromosomes begin to uncoil, which makes them diffuse and less compact. Telophase is the fifth and final phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. Telophase begins once the replicated, paired chromosomes have been separated and pulled to opposite sides, or poles, of the cell. During telophase, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm. The chromosomes begin to uncoil, which makes them diffuse and less compact..

cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the physical process that finally splits the parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During cytokinesis, the cell membrane pinches in at the cell equator, forming a cleft called the cleavage furrow. The position of the furrow depends on the position of the astral and interpolar microtubules during anaphase..