PhL-612 pharmacology Lab

PhL-612 pharmacology Lab. Presented by, Ameema Tariq Ep-1870006 Aniqa Sajid Ep-1870008 Areeba Naseem Ep-1870014 Areshba Raheel Ep-1870019 Maryam Zehra Ep-1870033 Hira Ahmed Ep-1870038.

Object: Effect of acetylcholine on nerve muscle of frog..

Introduction. Sciatic nerve runs deep beneath the muscles of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is a thick package of nerve fibres that runs down the lower back of the leg. At the vertebral column's caudal end, the fibres emerge among vertebrae. The frog's nerve is dissected from the spinal cord to the posterior muscle of leg as 3 to 4 bundles of the sciatic plexus . The nerve divides into two branches , one to each head of the muscle As you move distally along the nerve from the plexus, the fibers leaving the main trunk and entering muscles and skin ..

Procedure. Stunning: Stunning means to make the animal unconscious. With the help of the cotton hold the frog with the left hand. To make frog unconscious take the wooden hammer and blow it’s snout twice or thrice. Pithing: Pithing is used to destroy the brain and spinal cord. There are two types of pithing Cranial pithing: Keep the frog in your hand and press it’s head downward and backward with your thumb, then use your index finger of right hand , palpate the occipito-vertebral groove. Now insert the pithing needle at this point so that the ligament breaks, then move the needle forward to enter into the cranial cavity and destroy the brain by rotating the needle. Double Pithing: Now from same point move the needle slightly backward so that it enters the vertebral canal. Keep rotating the needle till the lower limbs of the frog becomes flaccid and assure it my stretching the limbs..

Dissection: Completely cut the skin around the lower abdomen. Holding the upper part of the frog pull the skin down off of the leg. Place the dorsal side of frog up in the tray and keep it’s muscles moist with the solution called ringer solution all the time. With the help of the blunt glass probe expose the sciatic nerve by separating muscles of the upper thigh. Cut and free the sciatic nerve at the pelvic end and separate it from any connective tissue, muscle or nerve branches down to the knee. Then cut through the femur and thigh muscle but make sure not to cut the nerve . Tie a knot around the tendon and make a double knot as done before. Pull the knot securely around the tendon. This would be a good time to measure the normal length of the muscle ..

Cut the tendon below the knot, then gently pull the muscle up with the thread and cut it away from the bone. Separate the calf muscles from the bone and cut the tibiofibula bine just below the knee ..