PowerPoint Presentation

NAME: SURYAPRAKASH YADAV ROLL NO: 393 STD :FYB COM, DIV-4TH.

Migration • The United Nations defines migration as the movement of a person or persons from one place to another, involving a permanent move of home for over 1 year. • "Human Migration is the permanent change of residence by an individual or groups, excluding such movements as nomadism and migrant labour". - Encyclopedia Britannica.

Migration is Global • ! In 2005, 191 million people were counted as living outside the country of their birth • ! The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since World War II • ! If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form the 5th most populous country in the world.

Trends in Migration 1. During colonial period (British period) millions of Indians labourers were sent to countries such as Mauritius, Caribbe n islands, Fiji and South Africa by British from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to work as plantation workers 2. In the 20th century semi-skilled Indians migrated to the neighbouring countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and African countries as artisans, traders and factory workers 3. In recent times, professionals like doctors, engineers, software engineers, management consultants, financial experts, media persons, migrated to countries such management consultants, financial experts, media persons, migrated to countries such as USA, Canada, I-JK, Australia, New Zealand and Germany, etc. These professional are highly educated, the highest paid.

Economic Causes of Migration • ! Migration in search Of better economic conditions, employment ••eee • urbanization (moving to the cities because of poor economic conditions in rural areas) ! Migration to escape overpopulation and its effects • migration to the suburbs in order to secure better living conditions— especially better school districts, less crowded living conditions • ! Migration to escape poor climate conditions such as drought • ! Migration to escape natural disasters • the "tent cities" erected in Turkey after the 1999 earthquake—some of them are still there, and in other cases the residents have moved away to live with relatives and haven't come back;.

STREAMS OF MIGRATION Four streams are identified under the internal migration: (a) Rural to rural (R-R); (b) Rural to urban (R-U); (c) Urban to urban (U-U); and (d) Urban to rural (U-R). (I) Intra-state migrants are larger than inter-state migrants, i.e. people prefer to migrate within the state (ii) Intra-state migration is dominated by female migrants whereas inter-state migration is dominated by male migrants (iii) Female migrates due to the reasons of marriage whereas male migrates due to the economic reasons (iv) Females prefer short distance rural to rural migration whereas male migrate to long distance rural to urban regions.

CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION Economic consequences:- I. Positive consequences: i. The remittance (payments) sent by migrants to their homes help in the growth of economy of the region. This money is mainly used by the family for repayment of debts, medical treatment, marriages, children's education, purchasing agricultural inputs, construction of houses, etc. ii. Similarly remittances from the international Indian migrants are one of the major sources of foreign exchange in India. iii. States such as Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive very large amount of money from their international migrants. iv. Migration of people from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, to the rural areas of Punjab, Haryana, has resulted in the success of green revolution..