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Uploaded: 2021-11-22
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Description: International Conference on Green Engineering Food Agricultural Science and Technology (ICGEFAST) November 11, 2021.

International Conference on Green Engineering Food Agricultural Science and Technology (ICGEFAST) November 11, 2021. 

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International Conference on Green Engineering Food Agricultural Science and Technology (ICGEFAST) November 11, 2021

Morphological Characterization of Gunung Omeh Citrus ( Citrus nobilis  Lour) in Guguak District- Lima Puluh Kota Regency

Sari Rukmana Okta Sagita Chan 1* , Benny Satria Achmad,  Ferdinant,  and Eka Susila

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The Gunung Omeh citrus ( Citrus nobilis   Lour.)  are one of the priority commodities in the agricultural sector of West Sumatra. In the development of Gn. Omeh citrus has been cultivated in several locations in the Lima Puluh Kota Regency, one of which is in the Guguak District.  However, from the cultivation techniques and the fruit produced  are very diverse phenotypic.

Indonesia is a country that has great potential in producing agricultural products such as fruits, one of which is citrus fruit.

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The use of plant markers or characterization can be done morphologically.

Morphological characterization is done by observing directly the morphological characteristics of a plant.  Morphological markers include observations of the  growth and development (qualitative and quantitative characteristics) Morphological observations in the field can provide useful information for determining the character of a plant to be developed or become a special feature in distinguishing a plant.

The purpose of this study is to classify the spread of Gn. Omeh citrus from Guguak districts based on morphological characters.

METHODS. The methods using survey methods and descriptive analysis, using a purposive sampling technique at each location in Guguak District and 10 samples of citrus plants were taken. Morphological characters were observed from three characters are stem, leaf and fruit characters.. 

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The methods using survey methods and descriptive analysis, using a purposive sampling technique at each location  in Guguak District and 10 samples of citrus plants were taken.  Morphological characters were observed from three characters  are stem, leaf and fruit characters.

1. Stem :  upper stem surface, tree shape, diameter, tree growth, stem colour,  density of branches

2. Leaf :  leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, bud color, leaf color,  shape leaf, leaf margin,  leaf tip, leaf apex and nervatio

3. Fruit :  fruit shape, shape of fruit base, shape of fruit apex

RESULT. 1. Quantitative Characters. From the observation of quantitative characters (stem, leaf and fruits), it shows that there are variations in the 5 locations observed .. 

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From the observation of quantitative characters (stem, leaf and fruits), it shows that there are  variations  in the 5 locations observed .

There are variations in quantitative characters that are controlled by several or many genes (polygenes) so that they are strongly influenced by environmental conditions and cultivation techniques found in citrus plants.

RESULT. 1. STEM. Tree shape. Fig 1 . Tree shape : Ellipsoid. 

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RESULT. Fig 4 . Qualitative characters of leaf. a. Leaf shape : ovalis/ellipticus b. Leaf apex : acuminatus c. Leaf margin : serratus d. Leaf tip : rotundatus e. Nervatio : penninervis. 

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a.  Leaf shape  	 : ovalis/ellipticus b.  Leaf apex    	  : acuminatus c.  Leaf margin  	 : serratus d.  Leaf tip           : rotundatus e.  Nervatio         : penninervis

The observed qualitative character consists of 15 parameters. Qualitative data of five locations were analyzed using the NTSYS program with UPGMA method. Based on the analysis results obtained Gn. Omeh citrus grouping into two large groups (Fig. 5). 

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The observed  qualitative character consists of 15 parameters.  Qualitative data of five locations were analyzed using the  NTSYS program with UPGMA method. Based on the analysis results obtained Gn. Omeh citrus grouping into two large groups (Fig. 5)

Fig 5 . Dendrogram for the five locations based on the qualitative morphological data:  TKR ( Tiakar), KB (Kubang Tungkek), BL (Belubus), KU (Kuranji) and ST (Sungai Talang).

The coefficient of similarity  34% -75%, and the overall character of the  coefficient 34 % unite and form two groups: I and II . Where the five locations, namely Tiakar, Kubang Tungkek Belubus, and Kuranji in group I. Then, group I into 2 groups: Ia and Ib are split on the value of the coefficient of 56%. Whereas in group II there  were only Sungai Talang.  From the dendrogram,   have similar phenotypic is closest to Tiakar and Kubang Tungkek with the similarity coefficient of 75%.

CONCLUSION. From the observation of quantitative characters, it shows that there are variations in the 5 locations observed. . Based on dendogram, the coefficient similarity 34%-75% and divided into two groups. Morphological characters is due to genetic diversity caused by cultivation techniques and altitude of planting locations.. 

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From the observation of quantitative characters, it shows that there are variations in the 5 locations observed. .  Based on dendogram, the coefficient similarity 34%-75% and  divided into two groups.  Morphological characters is due to genetic diversity caused by cultivation techniques and altitude of planting locations.

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