Political party

Political party Class 10, Political Science. Chapter:4.

INTRODICTION  MEANING OF POLITICAL PARTY.  COMPONENTS OF POLITICAL PARTY.  FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTY  NECESSITY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.  HOW MANY PARTIES WE SHOULD HAVE?  POLITICCAL PARTIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE GOVT.  CHALLENGES OF POLITICAL PARTIES.  HOW CAN PARTIES BE REFORMED?  NEW WORDS- PARTISANSHIP, RULING PARTY,DEFECTION,AFFIDAVIT..

MEANING:  A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. EXAMPLE: BJP, AAP, AITC, INC etc.  Political Parties try to persuade people that their policies are better than others.  They seek to implement these policies by winning popular support through election.  Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve PARTISANSHIP. Components of political party: A political party has following components. The leader, The active members and The followers..

FUNCTIONS OF A POLITICAL PARTY: 1. Parties contest election –in most democracies, election is fought among the candidates put up by many political parties. Parties select their candidates. In some countries , such as USA, members and supporters of a party choose its candidates. In case of India top party leaders choose candidates for contesting elections. 2. Policies and programmes are put forward by the parties: In order to meet the needs of diverse population, policies and programmes are put forwarded by the ruling party of the country. 3. Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country: Laws are debated a discussed in the parliament. For example WAQF BILL was recently passed by the govt of India and debated for 48 hours in the parliament and amendment took place and it became a law called WAQF AMENDMENT BILL 2025. 4. PARTIES FORM AND RUN GOVERNMENT: Parties recruit leaders, train them, and then make ministers to run the government. For example Prime minister of our county is recruited from the majority party from Lok Sabha and Dr. Jay Shankar, our foreign minister who is trained for taking decisions of our foreign policy as he is our foreign minister..

5.Role of opposition party: The party lose in the election paly the role of opposition party in power by criticizing government for its failure or wrong policies. For example when AAP was in power it was harshly criticized by the opposition party like BJP because it failed to clean the Yamuna river ,control pollution etc. 6. Parties shape public opinion : They raises and highlights issues. For example recent development in India’s politics about Uniform civil code which has been implemented by the present government. Moreover there are lakh of members across the country and some of them work as a pressure group and pressurize government to shape the policy. 7.Parties provide people access government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by the government. For example providing assistance to the disadvantaged section of our society such as free and compulsory education to students of government school. NECESSICITY OF POLITICAL PARTY:  We need Political parties in order to have representative democracy.  In order to meet the needs of diverse section of the society.  Elected representatives are accountable towards of the citizen of the country.  To have grassroot democracy we need political party.  Governance is done through people’s representative as every citizen cannot take part in the the governance directly..

HOW MANY PARTIES SHOULD WE HAVE? In a democracy any group of citizens is free to form a political party. More than 750 parties are registered with the Election commission of India. But all these parties are not serious to contest election. Different countries around the world have different party system for example CHINA has one party system USA and UK have bi-party system or two party system and India has multi-party system. Let’s understand multi-party system in India. In India several parties competes for power, and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in alliance with other parties. In this system, the government is formed by various parties coming together in a coalition. This is called coalition Government. IN India there are two such alliances- NDA- National Democratic Alliances and INDIA-Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance earlier it was know as UPA- United Progressive Alliance..

political party at different levels in India:  National level parties: these parties are found across the country. Currently there are six national parties in India .They are- Aam Admi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party ,Bhartiya Janta Party ,CPI-M, Indian National Congress and National People’s Party. CRITERIA TO BECOME A NATIONAL PARTY: A party that secures 1. at least six percent of total votes in Lok Sabha Election or Assembly election in four states and 2. wins at least four seats in Lok Sabha is recognize as national party. State level parties: Other than national parties rest of the parties are called state level parties. These parties are also called regional parties. For example Samajwadi Party, Biju Janta Dal, Sikkim Democratic Front, Mizo National Front, Shiv Sena, Akali Dal, DMK, Telegu Desham etc..

CRITERIA TO BECOME A STATE PARTY: A Party that secures 1. At least six percent of that total votes in an election to the State Legislative Assembly of a state and 2. Wins at least two seats is recognized as a State Party. CHALLENGES TO POLITICAL PARTY: All over the world, people express strong dissatisfaction with the failure of political parties to perform their functions well. Popular dissatisfaction and criticism has focused on four major problems areas in the working of political parties. Political parties need to face and overcome these challenges in order to remain effective instrument. 1. Lack of internal Democracy within the partis. 2. Dynastic succession. 3. Money and muscle power. 4. Parties do not offer a meaningful choice. REFORMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA: 1. Constitution was amended to prevent MLA and MPs from changing parties to stop defection. 2. The supreme court passed an order to reduce the influence of money and criminals for active participation in fighting MLA and MPs. 3. It is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file an affidavit giving details of his property and criminal cases pending against him. 4. The election commissioner paved an order making it necessary for political parties to hold their organizational elections and file their income tax return. 5. Recently cash donations to political parties have to be shown in every party’s balance sheet. 6. The new system has made a lot of information available to the public regarding electing parties in India..

SYMBOLS OF NATIONAL PARTIES CPIM NATIONAL PEOPLE PARTY BSP INC.

NEW WORDS: PARTISAN: A person who is strongly committed to a party.. It is marked by a tendency to take a side and inability to take a balanced view on an issue. RULING PARTY: Political party that runs the government. DEFECTION: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected to a different party. AFFIDAVIT: A signed document submitted to an officer, where a person makes a sworn statement regarding her personal information..

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