Name: CENG0035: Video Coursework
Uploaded: 2021-11-10
Duration: 14 min 7 s
Description: Abstract render of glass nodes and mesh. CENG0035: Video Coursework.

Abstract render of glass nodes and mesh. CENG0035: Video Coursework. 

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By Ali Mohamad Nasrin, Matthew Cross,  Gurneek  Gill, Kamaal Busari, Tong G Shon, Korede Adeniyi

IMG_6650. Introduction. Framework: Background Process Information Challenges to production & Sustainability Platinum Market analysis. 

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Framework: Background Process Information Challenges to production & Sustainability Platinum Market analysis

Abstract network of node and mesh. Background. 

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GShon2.mp4. Background. A picture containing square rock arranged Description automatically generated. 

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Dense, stable and rare metal. There are only about 5 parts per billion by weight in Earth's crust.  Typically found alloyed with other metals.  Platinum minerals like sperrylite are normally found together.  Capital and labour intensive.

WhatsApp Video 2021-11-06 at 3.45.49 PM.mp4. Location. 

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South Africa  – The Bushveld Igneous Complex, located in the Transvaal Province, contains one of the highest concentrations of Platinum in the world.  Russia  – Longest history of Platinum mining, located in far east region, the Kondyor mine and Koryak mine North America   – Primarily mined in Canada and Montana, obtained as a by-product of nickel mining.  Zimbabwe  – Mined in the Great Dyke, Mimosa, Zimplats and Unki due to its unique geography and structures.

WhatsApp Video 2021-11-06 at 3.45.49 PM.mp4

WhatsApp Video 2021-11-06 at 3.46.05 PM.mp4. Applications & Uses. 

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WhatsApp Video 2021-11-06 at 3.46.05 PM.mp4

Jewellery   Catalytic converters for cars, buses and trucks  Catalyst for production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene Computer hard disks and thermocouples  Cancer treatment

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Process Flow Diagram. Diagram Description automatically generated. 

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Diagram

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slide 6.mp4. Mining & Extraction. Platinum Ores: Sperrylite and Cooperite Underground Mining 2 to 6 months to process a batch of ore 11 tonnes of ore to produce 31.135g of platinum.. 

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Platinum Ores:  Sperrylite and Cooperite Underground Mining 2 to 6 months to process a batch of ore 11 tonnes of ore to produce 31.135g of platinum.

slide 7.mp4. Concentrating. Comminution - Crushing Floatation Separation 1 tonne of dried powder may contain 85 to 850 g of PGMs PGM – Platinum Group Metal. 

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Comminution - Crushing Floatation Separation 1 tonne of dried powder may contain 85 to 850 g of PGMs PGM – Platinum Group Metal

slide 8.mp4. Refining. Smelting – Heating at 1500 °C Electrolytic and chemical techniques – Concentrate of 15-20% PGMs Aqua Regia dissolves the platinum. Filtration, Purification and Burning to produce pure Platinum. 

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Smelting – Heating at 1500  °C Electrolytic and chemical techniques – Concentrate of  15-20% PGMs Aqua Regia dissolves the platinum.  Filtration, Purification and Burning to produce pure  Platinum

Magnifying glass showing decling performance. Challenges to production. 

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Magnifying glass showing decling performance

WIN_20211110_00_12_25_Pro.mp4. What are the hazards?. 

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Explosives  Heavy machinery  Dangerous chemicals  High temperatures  Underground mining

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Accidents + Deaths  Production stopages  Repuational damage

WhatsApp Video 2021-11-07 at 11.28.08 AM.mp4. Challenges to production - Labour. 

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High  labour  volatility Strikes due to poor working conditions. Disrupt production - in 2014 a large strike in South Africa caused macroeconomic instability. High labour costs Cost of hiring workers can cause mines to operate unprofitably. Mechanised processes both decrease worker costs and increase productivity. Image source: The Guardian

WhatsApp Video 2021-11-07 at 11.28.08 AM.mp4

WhatsApp Video 2021-11-07 at 11.28.47 AM.mp4. Challenges to production – Social and Environmental. 

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WhatsApp Video 2021-11-07 at 11.28.47 AM.mp4

Challenges to production – Social and Environmental

Land encroachment Companies are encroaching on  local  lands  for mining and shifting earth at a high rate during mining. Cause disputes with locals, loss of livelihood  and land for farming. Environmental consequences Acid mine drainage (AMD), processing chemical pollution . High  rates of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and dust emissions  from platinum group metal (PGM) mining. Health consequences Besides pollution, mining centres are also epicentres for infectious  diseases  such as tuberculosis (TB) and HIV. Challenge to provide healthcare to those affected.

gurneek 1.mp4. Sustainability: Energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GGE). 

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Sustainability: Energy and greenhouse gas emissions (GGE)

Energy/GGE in PGM mining and production is dominated by electricity consumption via the  Mining, Milling, Smelting  because of underground mining and complex extraction processing Ore grades decline the unit energy costs & GGE increase

Source: Minerals Engineering, Volume 23, Issue 5 April 2010, Pages 438-450

gurneek 2.mp4. Sustainability: Mine Wastes. The relatively low grade of PGM ores means that > 99.99% of the ore becomes solid waste Mining industry is the biggest annual producer of solid wastes globally Only ‘hazardous’ mine wastes should be reported. 

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The relatively low grade of PGM ores means that > 99.99% of the ore becomes solid waste Mining industry is the biggest annual producer of solid wastes globally Only ‘hazardous’ mine wastes should be reported

gurneek 3.mp4. Sustainability Reporting Efforts from Sites. 

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Sustainability Reporting Efforts from Sites

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Platinum Market Analysis. Graph on document with pen. 

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mining costs.MOV. Mining Costs. The mine operation life cycle (Image: Simon Michaux) | Download Scientific Diagram. 

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The mine operation life cycle (Image: Simon Michaux) | Download Scientific  Diagram

Cash Cost Adopted in 1996: First standardized cost reporting system direct cost of mining, processing and selling platinum included by product and/or co-product

All in Cost Adopted in 2013: AIC expands on cash cost to include general & administrative and other expenditures supporting the current production plan over the life cycle of the mine

All-in Sustaining Cost (AIC) All-in cost (AIC) Cash Cost

Changes in Supply and Demand.MOV. Changes in Supply and Demand. 

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Diagram

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Semiconductor chips surged in demand during the pandemic for use in electronic devices. This greatly hamstrung platinum supply

Diesels cars falling out of favour would lower demand but a push for catalytic converters and hydrogen fuel cells will help demand long term

883,000 Ounce Deficit in 2020 TO 190,000 Ounce Surplus in 2021

forecasts.MOV. Prices Fluctuations and Forecasts. 

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Analyst average platinum price forecasts for 2021-
2025; $ an ounce
042021 012022 022022 03 2022 042022
Commerzbank
Morgan Stanley
1,300
1,100
1,400
1200
1,400
1.225
1.450
1,250
1,500
1,275
2021
1.225
1,152
2022
1,238
2023
1,338
2024
1,375
2025
1,375

CENG0035: Video Coursework

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