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Dual Nature Of Wave and Matter :                                 Wave Nature ( Interference ,Diffraction) Radiations

Particle Nature ( photoelectric effect , Compton effect)

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Wave nature  (Davison and  Germer  Experiment)

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Corpuscular Theory: Presented by Newton in 1675. Newton said Light is made of Particles.

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Phenomena’s that explain Wave nature: Huygen  Principle Young Double Slit Experiment Interference  Diffraction Polarization

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Phenomena that explain Particle nature: Photoelectric effect Compton effect

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Photoelectric effect: It was discovered by Einstein in 1905. Can only be explained by particle nature of light. 		“Emission of electrons from metal surface when exposed to Light of certain frequency is called photoelectric effect.” The emitted electrons are photoelectrons.

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Ejection of electrons from Metal Surface: 	Three ways in which electrons emitted from metal surface. Thermionic Emission: 		Heat the metal surface, electrons gain energy and emitted from the surface.

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2 )  Applying High Electric field: Dielectric break down Electrons move towards       positive plate.

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Radiations of high frequency fall on metal surface emit electrons from metal surface.

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Kinetic energy of electrons depends on frequency of radiations and wavelength of radiation.

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Maximum Kinetic Energy of photoelectrons remains unaffected with change in intensity of incident radiation.

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Photoelectric effect and Stopping Potential:

Anode become positive, the photoelectric current increases, after sometime photocurrent decreases. On increasing potential on Anode more and more electrons attracted towards anode and photocurrent increases until it reach saturation value.

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On increasing the potential of Anode , the photocurrent increases, but stopping potential is same.

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Classical Theory Quantum Theory Classically more intense light has more intensity. The maximum K.E of electrons is independent of intensity of light. There is no explanation for frequency dependence. The maximum K.E of emitted electrons depends upon frequency of incident radiation. There is no explanation for frequency dependence. There is a threshold frequency. Electrons require some time to absorb radiation before they escape from metal surface. Electrons emitted from metal surface more instantaneously.

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Photoelectric Effect

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Huygen Principle
Young Double Slit Experiment
Interference 
Diffraction
Polarization

Photoelectric Effect

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