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Speaker’s Profile. Capt. Rodcyn V. Yumang , MARAD, CSP, CATS. 

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Capt.  Rodcyn  V.  Yumang , MARAD, CSP, CATS

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Head of Nautical, Research & Development Norwegian Training Center PMMA ” Mandalingan ” Class of 2006 (Acting Class President) Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (2016) Master in Maritime Administration Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (2015) Certified Anti-Terrorism Specialist Chartered International Institute of Security & Crisis Management (2017) Certified Security Professional Philippine Society of Industrial Security (2012) Advanced Professional Diploma in Shipping Management Lloyd’s Maritime Institute (2020) Executive Diploma Program in Cybersecurity De La Salle-College of Saint  Benilde (On-going) Doctor of Philosophy in Maritime Administration  Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (On-going) Philippine Institute of Cyber Security Professionals Professional Member (2021)

Analytic Philosophy & Education. Presented By: Capt. Rodcyn V. Yumang , MARAD, CSP, CATS. 

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Presented By: Capt.  Rodcyn  V.  Yumang , MARAD, CSP, CATS

Slide 4. Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation, the audience should be able to:. 

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Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation, the audience should be able to:

Familiarize with the Historical Background of the development of Analytic Philosophy

Identify the Nature of Analytic Philosophy

Identify the ethical and aesthetical judgements  related to Analytic Philosophy

Slide 5. Introduction. Analytic Philosophy. Analytic philosophy, also called linguistic philosophy, a loosely related set of approaches to philosophical problems, dominant in Anglo-American philosophy from the early 20th century, that emphasizes the study of language and the logical analysis of concepts. Although most work in analytic philosophy has been done in Great Britain and the United States, significant contributions also have been made in other countries, notably Australia, New Zealand, and the countries of Scandinavia.. 

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Analytic philosophy, also called linguistic philosophy, a loosely related set of approaches to philosophical problems, dominant in Anglo-American philosophy from the early 20th century, that emphasizes the study of language and the logical analysis of concepts. Although most work in analytic philosophy has been done in Great Britain and the United States, significant contributions also have been made in other countries, notably Australia, New Zealand, and the countries of Scandinavia.

Slide 6-1. Slide 6-2. Slide 6-3. The term analytic philosophy is slightly ambiguous and generally has three meanings: doctrine, method, and tradition.. 

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The term  analytic philosophy  is slightly ambiguous and generally has three meanings: doctrine, method, and tradition.

Most often called logical positivism and logical atomism;

can also refer to ordinary language philosophy, common sense philosophy, or some amalgam of the same

Emphasizes a clear, precise approach with weight being placed upon argumentation and evidence, avoidance of ambiguity, and attention to detail.

Began with Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore at the turn of the twentieth century, and, just over a decade later, with Ludwig Wittgenstein

by its effort to clarify philosophical issues by analysis and logical rigor

Slide 7-1. Slide 7-2. Slide 7-3. Historical Overview The Revolt Against Idealism. 

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Historical Overview The Revolt Against Idealism

Absolute Idealism dominated English Philosophy during the last decades of the 19 th  Century.

For English philosophy this represented a break in an almost continuous tradition of empiricism.

Absolute Idealism is not truth at all (In Sciences)

The view what passes for truth in the sciences is not really truth at all, for the scientist must, perforce, treat the world as composed of distinct objects and can describe and state only the relationships supposedly holding among them.

In their conclusions and, most important, in their methodology, the idealists were decidedly not on the side of commonsense intuition.

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Slide 8-1. Slide 8-2. Slide 8-3. © the copyright holder. Photo credit: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cambridge. 

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The existence of an independent external world or of other minds – or, in general, about commons sense – must be wrong.

He challenged the skeptic to show that the premises of the skeptic’s argument are any more certain than the everyday beliefs that form the premises of Moore’s argument.

Proper Business of Philosophy – Analysis

He thought that there must be a special sense of see in which one does not see an object but sees only part of its surface.

Slide 9-1. Slide 9-2. Slide 9-3. Historical Overview Bertrand Arthur William Russel. 

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Historical Overview Bertrand Arthur William Russel

Symbolic logic might provide the framework for a perfect language, but the content of that language is something else.

A doctrine closely tied to linguistic concerns, i.e. “There is something referred to and something said about it.”

If a name had no descriptive content, one could not sensibly ask about the existence of its bearer, for one could then not understand what is expressed by a statement involving it.

Slide 10-1. Slide 10-2. Slide 10-3. Things in the world can be talked about only through the medium of a special kind of name.. 

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Things in the world can be talked about only through the medium of a special kind of name.

between things whose existence cannot be doubted and things about whose existence, at least theoretically, doubt can be raised.

The observer must infer their existence as the best hypothesis to explain the observer’s experience

Slide 11-1. Slide 11-2. Nature of Analytic Philosophy. 

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An influential debate in analytic ethics, for example, concerned the question of whether sentences that express moral judgments (e.g., “It is wrong to tell a lie”) are descriptions of some feature of the world, in which case the sentences can be true or false, or are merely expressions of the subject’s feelings—comparable to shouts of “Bravo!” or “Boo!”—in which case they have no truth-value at all. Thus, in this debate the philosophical problem of the nature of right and wrong was treated as a problem about the logical or grammatical status of moral statements.

the definition of a concept can be determined by uncovering the underlying logical structures, or “logical forms,” of the sentences used to express it.

the sentences in which the concept was expressed but instead emphasized their diverse uses in ordinary language and everyday situations, the idea being to elucidate the concept by noting how its various features are reflected in how people actually talk and act.

Analytic philosophers conduct conceptual investigations that characteristically, though not invariably, involve studies of the language in which the concepts in question are, or can be, expressed.

Slide 12-1. Slide 12-2. Slide 12-3. The Empiricist Tradition. 

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In spirit, style, and focus, analytic philosophy has strong ties to the tradition of empiricism.

A priori reasoning from self-evident premises cannot reveal how the world is.

Analytic philosophers in the 20th century, on the other hand, were less inclined to appeal ultimately to direct introspection.

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cannot produce justified beliefs, much less knowledge, about the world.

Slide 13-1. Slide 13-2. Slide 13-3. The Role of Symbolic Logic. 

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For philosophers oriented toward formalism, the advent of modern symbolic logic in the late 19th century was a watershed in the history of philosophy.

through the tendency of earlier philosophers to mistake surface grammatical form for logical form

The Program of  Logicisim : the doctrine that the whole of mathematics can be derived from the principles of logic.

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it is a higher-order function that takes so-called “propositional functions” as values

Slide 14-1. Slide 14-2. Slide 14-3. Slide 14-4. Relation to Continental Philosophy. 

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in part the term serves to distinguish "analytic" from other kinds of philosophy, especially "continental philosophy."

a generalized hostility to metaphysical concepts that they considered meaningless or ill-conceived

Analytic philosophers ignored continental philosophy as “obscure and meaningless,” and continental philosophers looked down on analytic philosophy as “superficial and shallow.”

The term "analytic" conventionally indicates a method of philosophy, while the term "continental" indicates, rather, a geographical origin.

that the subject matter of continental philosophy is capable of being studied using the now-traditional tools of analytic philosophy

failed by its own "systematic" lights to demonstrate the meaninglessness or fictitiousness of the concepts it attacked.

Slide 15-1. Slide 15-2. Slide 15-3. Slide 15-4. Slide 15-5. 

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The aim of the analytic approach is to clarify philosophical problems by examining and clarifying the language used to express them.

Seeking to understand language by making use of formal logic & formal or constructed language;

Seeking to understand philosophical ideas by a close & careful examination of the natural language

Analytic philosophy has its origins in Gottlob Frege’s development of predicate logic.

“The world is the totality of facts, not of things.”

“The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.”

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Slide 16-1. Slide 16-2. Ethics in Analytic Philosophy. 

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As a side-effect of the focus on logic and language in the early years of analytic philosophy, the tradition initially had little to say on the subject of ethics.

By the 1950s debates had begun to arise over whether—and if so, how—ethical statements really were non-cognitive.

Descriptivism vs. prescriptivism: War is over (if you want it) | Sentence  first

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In general, philosophy done in the analytic tradition aims at truth and knowledge, as   opposed to moral and spiritual improvement. There is very little in the way of   practical or inspirational guides in the art of living to be found, and very much in the   way of philosophical theories that purport to reveal the truth about a given domain   of inquiry. In general, the goal in analytic philosophy is to discover what is true, not   to provide a useful recipe for living one’s life.

Scott Soames, in his impressive two-volume history of the Analytic tradition

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