Petroleum-Tanker-Operations-Manual

Petroleum Tanker Operations Manual. ASP06 — Cargo & Ballast Operations Procedure for Harbour Ships.

[Audio] Purpose, Scope & Responsibility Purpose & Scope Responsibility Master — accountable for safe cargo and ballast operations Chief Officer — cargo planning, stability, tank cleaning Second/Third/Junior Officers — loading, discharging, planning, execution Deck Ratings — assist under officer supervision Marine Superintendents — office review and approval This procedure specifies requirements for petroleum tanker operations. Cargo must be loaded, stored, and delivered in accordance with safety and quality assurance procedures. Must be read in conjunction with ISGOTT. Applies to all harbour ships owned and managed by the Company. Detailed job descriptions in A-S-P-0-3 under individual responsibility..

Safety & Prior Operations. Petroleum Safety Properties.

[Audio] Cargo Planning, Handling & Stowage Voyage Order Stowage Plan Written instructions sent to Master. Quantity loaded must match latest Company/Charterer instructions. Master consults Marine Superintendent for clarifications and disseminates to all relevant personnel. Use Form 06-01-D. Consider cargo grades, load line zones, segregation, tank coating compatibility, trim/stress/stability, heating requirements, and expansion allowance. Loading/Discharge Plan Superintendent Review Chief Officer prepares using Form 06-02b D. Must include ullages, pump schedule, stability at each stage, transfer rates, venting, emergency stop procedures, and spill action. Approved by Master and signed by all Officers. Plans sent to Marine Superintendent for: new build/management ship first loading or discharging, unfamiliar or high density cargo, temperature exceeding 60 degrees celsius, loading to 98% volume, or more than 3 grades..

[Audio] Safe Stability, Slack Tanks & Loss of Stability Safe Stability Loss of Stability — Response Steps Chief Officer is responsible for maintaining acceptable stability, stress, and trim throughout the voyage. After trim must not exceed 2.5 meters Loading computer must be used for all cargo and ballast operations; stability and stresses checked hourly with printed records maintained. Stop all operations Halt cargo, ballast, and bunker operations. Inform terminal and office. Slack Tanks & Free Surface Assess the situation Sloshing in slack tanks can damage structure, generate electrostatic charge, and reduce GM. Slack tanks must be avoided at sea. Free surface effect is most critical when filling double bottom ballast tanks during discharge simultaneously with slack cargo tanks — this can cause sudden severe list or loll. Check all tank levels, verify slack tanks, determine cause, enter data into loading computer to check GM. Correct carefully Do not pump out ballast or cargo. Fill double bottom tanks only. Run plan through loading computer at every stage. Agree with terminal before commencing..

[Audio] Loading Operations Pre Loading Checks During Loading Complete Forms 06-14-D, 06-26-D, 06-15-D. Hold pre loading meeting with terminal covering start up, rates, communications, and shutdown. All Deck Officers and Master to attend. New build ships: limit to 85% tank capacity for first two voyages. Commence slowly; check cargo arrives in correct tanks. Watchman with V-H-F at manifold at all times. Record ullages hourly using Form 06-13-D. If gas detected in accommodation, stop loading immediately and sound Emergency Alarms. Loading to Capacity Topping Off When loading to 98%, discuss trim, list, topping up rate, and final air blow. A Risk Assessment must be completed and stowage plan sent to Marine Department for approval. Increase deck manning. Reduce loading rate via shore — do not use ship tank valves. Stagger final filling so only one tank tops off at a time. Always maintain a "crash tank" as the final tank to be loaded..

[Audio] Loading Rates & Pressure Surges Initial Loading Rate — 1 m/sec Rule Pressure Surges Initial loading velocity must be restricted to 1 m/sec at the tank inlet until the inlet is well covered and turbulence ceases. Maximum rate is 7 m/sec. This limits electrostatic generation and reduces water/oil mixing. Post initial and maximum rates in the Cargo Control Room (C-C-R--). Incorrect operation of pumps and valves creates pressure surges that can damage pipelines, hoses, and Marine Loading Arms. Surges are worse with long pipelines, high flow rates, or large elevation differences. Ship and terminal must agree in writing on flow rate control, valve closure rates, and pump speeds — documented in Form 06-26-D. One person must keep watch at the manifold at all times. Flow Rate (m³/hr) Pipe Diameter (mm).

[Audio] Cargo Measurement, Sampling & Documentation Measurement After Loading Cargo Documentation — Post Loading NOR & Port Log Cargo Calculation Report Use closed ullaging on ships with calibrated vapour locks. Take draft readings immediately before measurement. Correct ullages for trim and list. Take temperature readings from top, middle, and bottom of each tank. Take water dips to detect settled water. Letters of Protest must be issued for discrepancies. Notice of Readiness and detailed Port Log with all events, times, and rates. Cargo Calculation Report Form, Ship Cargo History Sheet, O-B-Q Report, Dead Freight Statement. Sampling Take manifold samples at commencement and at intervals during loading. Retain samples on board for 3 months after discharge. Store in approved cargo area locker. Release to third parties only under direct Charterer/Company instructions with detailed receipt. Letters of Protest Cargo Logs Issued for any discrepancies; signed by Master. Notify Company immediately if pumpable cargo remains on board per surveyor's report. Port Log, Pumping Record/Hourly Rate Log, and Tank Cleaning Record maintained throughout voyage..

[Audio] Doping, Additives & Special Loading Operations Static Accumulator Oils Doping Procedure Petroleum distillates with conductivity below 50 pS/m are static accumulators. Since conductivity is often unknown, treat all distillates as static accumulators. A charged static accumulator is an ignition hazard during loading and for up to 30 minutes after. See A-S-P-0-9 Sec. 4.6. Doping is the addition of specialised additives during or before loading. Preferred method is injection at shore manifold or ship's manifold spool piece. Key precautions: No doping on a live (loading) tank Monitor tank pressure continuously; ensure P/V valves operational Shut IG inlet and depressurise before doping; reconfirm O₂ content after Free fall of additives into non inerted tanks must be avoided Supplier provides doping plan; Master performs own risk assessment (A-L-A-R-P) Blending Operations Physical blending at sea is prohibited by solas. In port blending must comply with marpol and local requirements. A risk assessment covering grades, vapour pressure, compatibility, and crew experience is required..

[Audio] Cargo Care & Discharging Operations Cargo Heating Discharge Instructions Follow voyage order heating instructions. Heat slowly and progressively. Monitor cargo temperature at least twice daily using Form 06-25-D. Notify Company if temperature is expected to exceed voyage order limits. Fuel oil slops: max 60 degrees celsius. Accept discharge instructions only from Company or Charterers. For heated cargoes, do not use ballast tanks beneath a heated cargo tank until fully discharged — risk of cargo solidification on tank floor. During Discharging Post Discharge Commence at slow rate; increase gradually to agreed maximum. Monitor PV valves; maintain positive IG pressure. Manifold attended at all times. Record hourly discharge rate on Form 06-22-D. Pump room ventilation in operation throughout; check for leaks hourly. Strip tanks to maximum extent. Inspect all tanks with terminal representative; obtain Tank Empty/OBQ certificate. Drain cargo deck lines into appropriate tanks. Complete N-O-R--, Port Log, Pumping Log, Cargo Calculation Report, and R-O-B Report..

[Audio] Gas Freeing & Tank Cleaning Gas Freeing Tank Washing Procedure A space is "gas free" when flammable gas concentration is <1% L-E-L--, toxic gas is below T-L-V--, and O₂ is ≥20.9%. Chief Officer is responsible. Gas freeing within port limits requires express authority permission. Atmosphere checks at regular intervals throughout. Tank Cleaning Plan Chief Officer prepares written plan in consultation with Chief Engineer, approved by Master, then sent to Superintendent in Charge for review. Plan must include: tanks to be cleaned, machine positioning, pump details, ballast changes, stability, line washing plan, and personnel duties. All involved personnel sign for acknowledgement. For non inert tanks: flush bottom, measure L-E-L--, commence washing only when <10% L-E-L--. Monitor atmosphere continuously; maintain <35% L-E-L--. Stop washing immediately if 35% L-E-L is reached; ventilate and resume only when back to <10% L-E-L--. Individual machine throughput must not exceed 60 m³/hr; total per tank must not exceed 180 m³/hr..

[Audio] Ballast Operations & Ballast Water Management Planning & Records BWTS Operations Chief Officer plans all ballast operations in advance, entered in the cargo plan, approved by Master. Record date, time, position, salinity, and quantity in the Ballast Water Record Book. Ballast Water Treatment System (B-W-T-S-) must be operational. If B-W-M-S fails, report to Company, Flag, and Classification Society. Prepare B-W-M-S Repair Plan with full failure history and repair schedule. BWTS Contingency Ballast Precautions Options include: repair at ballast port, repair enroute, ballast water exchange (B-W-E--) per B-W-M Convention Reg. B-4/D-1, shore based mobile treatment, discharge to port reception facility, or retain ballast onboard. Monitor shear force, bending moment, stability, free surface, slack tanks, torsion, draft, and trim. Ensure ballast tank vents are clear. Avoid rapid valve closure to prevent water hammer. Do not exceed maximum safe pumping rate..

[Audio] Equipment Maintenance & Calibration Key Equipment & Inspection Frequencies Critical Alarm Systems High Level Alarms must be set and tested prior to each cargo operation; not set higher than 95% tank capacity. Overfill Alarms tested by manual float lift prior to each operation. Must remain on during all cargo operations. Audio and visual alarms required; stencilled "TANK overfill alarm" in 50 millimeters black letters on white. Tank Radar Systems — clean transmitter antennas prior to each cargo operation. Notice to be displayed in C-C-R--. U-T-I Equipment — minimum two units per ship; calibrated annually by independent service provider. Earthing requirements per Maker's instructions must always be complied with. Equipment Frequency P/V Valves — overhaul & decarburize Every 6 months Flame Arrestors — inspect Every 6 months Tank Gauging Equipment Every 6 months Pump room Bilge Alarms Weekly plus prior each operation Pump Safety Devices Monthly Tank Cleaning Machines Every 3 months Gas Detection — portable calibration Monthly (shore: annually) Pressure Gauges Annually Cargo Valves — function test Every 6 months Cargo Pipelines — pressure test to mawp Annually; 1.5× mawp every 5 years Flexible Hoses Annually at 1.5× mawp Loading Computer — test conditions Every 3 months / change of C/O ODME Calibration Monthly.

[Audio] S-T-S Transfer, Internal Transfer & Cargo Calculations Ship to Ship (S-T-S--) & Internal Transfer Cargo Calculations Before any S-T-S transfer, complete Form 06-27-D Ship to Ship Safety Checklist and refer to the approved S-T-S Operation Plan. Internal cargo transfer (tank to tank) to adjust trim or stress requires all loading/discharging safety precautions to be in force. Company permission must be obtained prior to any internal transfer. Calculations may be in Barrels (Bbls) at 60 degrees farenheit, Cubic Metres (M³) at 15 degrees celsius, Metric Tonnes in Vacuum/Air, or Long Tons in Air. Company policy: use density at 15 degrees celsius and cubic metres except where tank calibrations are in barrels only. ASTM Tables Ship's Experience Factor (S-E-F--) Deviation from Procedures Vol. 2 (Tables 5B/6B), Vol. 8 (Tables 53B/54B), Vol. XI/XII (conversion tables). Table 54B used for volume correction to 15 degrees celsius against density. Safety of lives, ship, cargo, and environment is the primary concern. Any deviation from Company procedures must be reported to the Company (D-P-A--) at the first available opportunity. Calculated from last 10 loadings. Used for every cargo calculation. Maintained on Form 06-12-D. Max Filling Limit Max Filling Ratio (%) = DSG ÷ SG × 100. Example: D-S-G 1.4, SG 1.48 → 94.6% maximum fill..

[Audio] Key Takeaways & Reference Summary Safety First Plan & Document All operations governed by ISGOTT. Personnel must know petroleum hazard properties. P-P-E per ASP09. Emergency signals agreed before every operation. Every operation requires a written plan approved by Master. Logs, records, and forms are mandatory. Superintendent review required for high risk operations. Stability Always Environmental Compliance Loading computer used for every operation. Stability checked hourly. Slack tanks avoided at sea. Loss of stability: stop all operations immediately. All operations comply with marpol, B-W-M Convention, and solas. Oil Record Book (Part 2) entries mandatory. B-W-T-S operational at all times; contingency plan required if B-W-M-S fails. Key References Key Forms solas, marpol 73/78, B-W-M Convention ISGOTT (International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals) International Conference on Load Lines Ship to Ship Transfer Guide (Chemical) 06-01-D Stowage Plan | 06-02b D Loading/Discharging Plan 06-26-D Ship/Shore Safety Checklist 06-22-D Hourly Checklist | 06-13-D Hourly Load/Discharge Rate 06-12-D Ship Experience Factor | 06-25-D Heating Record.