Peripheral Vascular Disease

Peripheral Vascular Disease. M.Pranathi - 2211BS040100 Pravalika - 2211BS040049 Prathyusha - 2211BS040048 Ameena - 2211BS040060 Renuka - 2211BS040093.

Introduction. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a slow and progressive circulation disorder. Narrowing, blockage, or spasms in a blood vessel can cause PVD. It is characterised by a reduction in blood flow and hence oxygen through the peripheral vessels. When need of the tissues for oxygen exceeds the supply, areas of ischemia and necrosis is develops. PVD may affect any blood vessel outside of the heart including the arteries, veins, or lymphatic vessels, Organs supplied by these vessels, such as the brain, and legs, may not get enough blood flow for proper function, However, the legs and feet are most commonly affected. Peripheral vascular disease is also called peripheral arterial disease,. PVD is also known as Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Arterial insufficiency of the legs Claudication Intermittent claudication.

Peripheral Vascular Disease. Definition. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a blood circulation disorder that causes the blood vessels to narrow, block, or spasm outside the heart and brain. This can happen in arteries or veins Commonly used referring to peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

4. It affects 15%-20% of persons older than 70 years of age It affects 10-15% of the general population > approximately 50% are asymptomatic.

> Intermitted claudication- most common - Pain on the extremity that develops in the muscle that has an inadequate blood supply during exercise - The cramping pain disappear within 1-2 minute after stopping the exercise or resting - The femoral artery is often affected - pain the calf muscle- common symptom > Pain at rest indicative of severe disease - Gnawing. buning pain, occur more frequently at night > Feeling of coldness > Numbness > Tingling sensation > In Advanced aterioscelorosis oblitrans- ischemia may lead to necrosis, ulcerations and gangrene-toes and distal foot.

6. Peripheral Arterial Disease. PERIPHERAL DISEAS Ischemia-reperfusion cles Inflammation ROS production Mitochondrial electron trans ortchaindamages Reduced energy' roduction Muscle, nerve, skin damages Apoptosis Sarcopenia CLAUDICATION REST PAIN.

Diagnosis. Angiography. Ankle-Branchial Index. Doppler Ultrasound.

Diagnostic Evaluation. Buerger's Test. It is used to check adequacy of the arterial supply to the leg It is perform in 2 stages. With the patient supine ,elevate both legs to an angle of 45 degrees and hold for one to two minutes. Observe the color of the feet..

Peripheral Vascular Disease. [image] Abacus with solid fill.

Arterial. Diminished or absent pulse Pain-intermittent claudication, constant Cool-to-cold temperature Nails thickened and ridged Skin-dependent Rubor Observable within 20 seconds to 2 mins after placed in dependent position.

Mechanism of Action. 11. Adverse Reaction. Chest Pain Fatigue Edema Hypertension Dyspepsia Neutropenia Epistaxis Bronchitis.

Clopidogrel. Clopidogrel dosage. Loading dose -300mg Daily maintenance dose 75mg Continued for at least 1 month and ideally up to 1 year.

Statins reduce cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme in the liver (HMG-CoA reductase) that is necessary for the production of cholesterol. In the blood statins lower total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) or "bad" cholesterol as well as triglycerides. LDL cholesterol is believed to be an important cause of coronary artery disease. Lowering LDL cholesterol levels slows and may even reverse coronary artery disease. Statins also increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol. Raising HDL cholesterol levels, like lowering LDL cholesterol may slow coronary artery disease. Simvastatin is used together with a proper diet to treat high cholesterol and triglyceride (fat) levels in the blood. This medicine may help prevent medical problems (eg, heart or blood vessel problems, heart attacks, or strokes) caused by clogged blood vessels. Simvastatin is used to lower cholesterol if you've been diagnosed with high blood cholesterol. It's also taken to prevent heart disease, including heart attacks and strokes..

Dose. New Safety and Dosing Information FDA June 2011.

Mechanism of action. Mechanism of action GP-I1b/lla receptor blockers. Block the receptor (GP-1lb/llla) Prevent fibrinogen from binding with activated platelets. Inhibition of platelet aggregation to any platelet agonist (Thrombin, TxA,, Collagen, ADP) Block GP-1b/illa receptor for fibrinogen on platelets. Also block GP -1b/lla receptor for vitronectin on platelet. Uses Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ADRs Bleeding Thrombocytopenia.

Cilostazol. Cilostazol tablets USP are indicated for the reduction of symptoms of intermittent claudication, as indicated by an increased walking distance. Cilostazol, USP is a quinolinone derivative that inhibits cellular phosphodiesterase (more specific for phosphodiesterase I). Cilostazol-containing medicines are available in the EU under the names Pletal and Ekistol..

Ramipril. It is An inactive prodrug, ramipril is converted to ramiprilat in the liver and is used to treat hypertension and heart failure, to reduce proteinuria and renal disease and to prevent stroke, myocardial infarction..

Doses. Initial dose of 2.5 mg OD for 1 week, 5 mg OD for the next 3 weeks, and then increased as tolerated. Maintenance dose :10 mg OD..

Mechanism of Action. Uses: Postpone labour. Side Effects.

Suggested Dosing of Statin Medications Drug. Atorvastatin - 10, 20,40,80 mg daily.

Summary. Recent advancements Gene therapy stands as one of these recent advances. It aims to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels in the affected area. Riverocabon plus aspirin decreased incidence of male by 48% ampulations by 58% peripheral vascular interventions by 24% and all peripheral Vascular outcomes by 24%..

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