Periodontal Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Periodontal Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Introduction. Hernatoaenous dissemination • Bacteria and/or bypr"cts • Pro-inflammatory cytokines Bacterial Inflammatory rnediators • Placental inflammation • of growth Preeclamp9a architEture Low birth weight Chorioamniotic membrane Impai red organ development Perinatal mortality/morbidy Long-term disablities Ascending infection • Buteria and/or byproducts Bacterial invasion of Acute phase reactants from maternal liver membranes and • Pro-inflammatory Otokines • Inflammation 'ia TLR-4 activaåon +_ Membrane rupture and preterm birth • Production of uterus.

Introduction cont’d. Women who have periodontal disease while pregnant may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontitis is considered a risk issue for preterm LBW outcomes, due to increase in inflammatory markers in periodontitis. Periodontal disease can be considered as one of the risk factors for preterm LBW babies as not only the presence of disease condition causes an increase in inflammatory mediator but also the elimination of the disease condition by the intervention of SRP gives a positive result in the reduction of the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Proper knowledge of oral hygiene and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes can be made aware to society..

Fun Facts. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth. In the USA, 65 million adults over the age of 30 years suffer from periodontal disease. Five to seventy percent of adults worldwide have periodontal disease. Women who have periodontal disease while pregnant—an estimated one in five pregnant women—have been reported to be at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The adverse pregnancy outcome most often associated with periodontal disease is preterm delivery. Other adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been associated with periodontal disease include low birth weight, preeclampsia, and being small for gestational age..

Audio Recording Mar 13, 2022 at 8:34:42 PM. Sex Hormones and Periodontitis.

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Advances in periodontology. Nearly 60 to 75% of pregnant women have gingivitis, an early stage of periodontal disease that occurs when the gums become red and swollen from inflammation that may be aggravated by changing hormones during pregnancy If gingivitis is not treated, the bone that supports the teeth can be lost, and the gums can become infected. Despite advances in technology, promotion of prenatal care, and continued scientific efforts focused on reducing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, little reduction in incidence has occurred..

Advantages. Pregnancy causes hormonal changes that increases the risk of gum disease, which in turn can affect the health of the baby Some tips to maintain good oral health to avoid any adverse outcome during pregnancy Before pregnancy Take a dental appointment prior to getting pregnant now, professionally cleaned teeth and gums tissue will help in maintaining good oral health and any oral health problem can be fixed in advance. If you have had any gum problems during pregnancy, visit your dentist soon after delivery for a full oral health check up..

Advantages cont’d. During Pregnancy Routine dental check up and dental care during pregnancy is more important than any other time, due to the hormonal changes in the body that affect the oral cavity Urgent dental procedure could be performed during pregnancy, however all elective dental procedures should be postponed. Dental X-rays can be done during pregnancy if required with the precautions taken by the healthcare professional such as using thyroid collar, shielding your abdomen. Any changes in the gum health such as bleeding, tenderness or swelling during pregnancy see your dentist as soon as possible Follow good oral hygiene practice, if you are due for professional cleaning do not skip your appointment. Eat healthy & balanced diet eg: dairy, cheese, yogurt as they provide essential nutrient for baby's developing teeth, gums and bones..

Disadvantages. We define adverse pregnancy outcomes as a complication of pregnancy, labor , and delivery or postpartum period (up to 6 weeks after delivery) that is associated with maternal, fetal , and/or neonatal morbidity and/or mortality. Our primary and secondary adverse outcomes are listed below. Primary outcomes 1. Maternal mortality (death during pregnancy or within 42 days after termination of pregnancy) 2. Preterm delivery (delivery of a live-born baby before 37 completed weeks of gestation) 3. Perinatal mortality (stillbirth or neonatal mortality (i.e., within 28 days after birth).

Disadvantages cont’d. Secondary Outcomes 1. Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion): fetal death before 20 weeks gestational age 2. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: leakage of amniotic fluid in the absence of uterine activity before 37 weeks gestation 3. Pregnancy-induced hypertension: onset of hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) in the second half of pregnancy in the absence of proteinuria or other markers of preeclampsia 4. Preeclampsia: hypertension and proteinuria 5. Clinical chorioamnionitis: clinical evidence of intra-amniotic infection with or without laboratory signs of infection.

Secondary Outcomes cont’d. 6. Histological chorioamnionitis: diagnosed by histological examination of the placenta by a pathologist 7. Stillbirth (intrauterine death after 20 weeks of gestation) 8. Very preterm delivery (delivery of a live-born baby before 32 completed weeks gestation) 9. Low birth weight: birth weight of <2500 grams 10. SGA (small for gestational age): birth weight <10th centile for gestational age 11. Early onset neonatal sepsis: clinical evidence of sepsis with laboratory signs of infection within 72 h after delivery 12. Neonatal death: death of a baby occurring within the first 28 days of life.

Therapeutic Interventions to Treat Periodontal Disease During Pregnancy.

Therapeutic Interventions to Treat Periodontal Disease During Pregnancy cont’d.

Future directions. Prevention is, as always, the key to averting the onset of periodontal disease during pregnancy. Whether a woman is pregnant or if she soon plans to be, she should see her dentist for a full check-up..

It is very important to take good care of your teeth during pregnancy, both for your health and your baby's health. Lake Merritt Dental is a one stop whole oral health shop located in Oakland, CA, conveniently located between Downtown and Uptown Oakland. Our in house general and specialty dentists work together for comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment planning. Lake Merritt Dental 1900 Webster St. Suite A Oakland, CA 94612 Ph (510) 839-4886 (510) 834-4321 Fax (510) 834-4323 http://www.lakemerrittdental.com for appointments: [email protected] for business: [email protected] We are also on... Facebook ► http://www.facebook.com/lakemerrittdental Twitter ► http://www.twitter.com/LM_Dental Pinterest ► http://www.pinterest.com/lmdental Linkedin ► http://www.linkedin.com/company/lake-merritt-dental Foursquare ► https://foursquare.com/lm_dental Google+ ► https://plus.google.com/+lakemerrittdental Yelp ► http://www.yelp.com/biz/lake-merritt-dental-oakland.

Question for exam. Increase in progesterone results in: Edema Erythema Gingival bleeding Option b and c All of the above.

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References. Dave, B., Shah, E., Gaikwad, R., & Shah, S. (2021). Association of preterm low-birth-weight infants and maternal periodontitis during pregnancy: An interventional study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry , 39 (2), 183. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_270_20 Jeffcoat , M. (2020). Recommendations to Prevent and Treat Periodontal Disease During Pregnancy . Dentaid.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.dentaid.com/en/dentaidExpertise/2484/recommendations-to-prevent-and-treat-periodontal-disease-during-pregnancy. Vanterpool , S., Tomsin , K., Reyes, L., Zimmermann, L., Kramer, B., & Been, J. (2016). Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with periodontal disease and the effectiveness of interventions in decreasing this risk: protocol for systematic overview of systematic reviews . Systematic Reviews Journal. BMC. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-016-0195-7#:~:text=Women%20who%20have%20periodontal%20disease%20while%20pregnant%E2%80%94an%20estimated%20one,is%20preterm%20delivery%20%5B4%5D..

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