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Jamaica Carillo – 22A. The Indonesian Peat Forest Project.

. is a type of soil formed by partially decayed plant material that accumulates under waterlogged conditions over long period of time. It takes an average of a millennia and a half for 1 meter (3.2 feet) of peat to accumulate..

. The Indonesian peatland is estimated about 13 million hectares. With these areas, Indonesia has the largest tropical peatland in the world. Based on research, the Indonesian peatland has the largest biodiversity in the world..

Peatlands are known to: regulate hydrological processes conserving biodiversity reserves for farming areas plays an extremely important global role for carbon storage water management livelihood support to local communities.

Peatlands encompass 2.5% of the total land area in the world or equal to approximately 400million ha. They are a unique habitat for various flora and fauna and commonly contain a very high endemism of plants. In Sumatra, more than 300 plant species were found in peatlands ( Giesen , W. 1991)..

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Channa striata. Wallago leeri. Trichogaster pectoralis.

Peat is one of the best carbon stores, thus is of importance for climate change. The workshop on Vulnerability of Carbon Pools in Tropical Peatlands held in Pekanbaru , Riau, from 23-26 January 2006 noted that peatlands store about 30% of global soil carbon. On the other hand, burning peatlands release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These greenhouse gases form a ‘blanket’ in the atmosphere and absorb the long wave radiation of the earth surface, which leads to global warming..

Indonesia’s peatland areas have not yet been fully or reliably documented. Differences in defining peatlands, mapping methodologies and the annual fluctuations in drainage make it more difficult to determine the exact extent of peatlands in Indonesia. In 2005, Wetlands International estimated that there were 20.6 million hectares of peatland in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Land Research and Development and the Indonesian Soil Research Institute in 2011 estimated that there were 14.9 million hectares of peatland. From 14.9 million hectares, 6.4 million hectares (43%) in Sumatra, 4.8 million (32%) in Kalimantan island, and 3.7 million hectares (25%) in Papua..

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Policy and Institutional Issues Community-based Issues Peatland Management Issues.

At the moment, illegal logging, drying up and land conversion are the main issues of peatland degradation in Indonesia. These activities have triggered major fire disasters almost each year since the El-Nino in 1997. In the period of 1990 to 2002, only in Sumatra, it is estimated that 3.47 billion tons of carbon has been lost due to fires and human activities modifying the peat land..

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Indonesia is one of the four countries in the ASEAN Peatland Forests Project - APFP. The ASEAN Peatland Forests Project (APFP) aims to demonstrate, implement, and scale up the sustainable management and rehabilitation of peatland forests in Southeast Asia. The Project focuses on: strengthening institutional capacity and frameworks; reducing the rate of degradation on peatlands in Southeast Asia; demonstrating integrated management and rehabilitation of peatlands at target sites; and engaging the private sector and local communities in sustainable peatland management. It fits within the framework of the ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative (APMI), and directly supports the ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy (APMS) and associated National Action Plans on Peatlands. Countries involved: Malaysia Indonesia Philippines Vietnam.

The Sumatra Merang Peatland Project will restore more than 22,934 hectares of peatland rainforest in the Merang biodiversity zone in Indonesia, one of the largest and deepest peat swamp areas in South Sumatra and an area more than 3.5 times the size of Manhattan..

Last year, Indonesia recorded its lowest annual deforestation rate since 1990. The country lost only 285,300 acres of forest cover— a startling 75% drop from 2019. Indonesia is the first country ever to undertake peatland restoration on such a massive scale and will reduce up to one gigaton of greenhouse gas emission..

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Asean Peatland Forests Project. (n.d.). Sustainable Management of Peatland Forests in Southeast Asia: ASEAN Peatland Forests Project (APFP), SEApeat - Indonesia . APFP. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from http:// www.aseanpeat.net / index.cfm ?& menuid =68&fbclid=IwAR0wgTGArNaQ4uwdNqPiRwk9Sl93D1SuQirPgk32nPqGBJWKfcc8_Su444k Butler, R. (2015, October 16). Carbon emissions from Indonesia’s peat fires exceed emissions from entire U.S. economy . Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https:// news.mongabay.com /2015/10/carbon-emissions-from-indonesias-peat-fires-exceed-emissions-from-entire-u-s-economy/ Chrol , J. (2021, May 8). The Decline of Deforestation in Indonesia . The Borgen Project. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https:// borgenproject.org /the-decline-of-deforestation-in- indonesia / Sumatra Merang Peatland Project, Indonesia – . (n.d.). Ecosphere+. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https:// ecosphere.plus / sumatra - merang -peatland/? fbclid =IwAR0uhc7QRZxaKfl7h12F49WGcFfRVQAaaYNugfyViyE9IhhwxMhYsfaN1y0 Sustainable Management of Peatland Forests in Southeast Asia: ASEAN Peatland Forests Project (APFP), SEApeat - About APFP . (n.d.). APFP. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from http:// www.aseanpeat.net / index.cfm ?& menuid =38 Wulandari , B. D. E. T. (2021, June 9). Efforts to restore tropical peatlands need fire-free plantations . IFAD. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https:// www.ifad.org / en /web/latest/-/ sea-peatlands?fbclid =IwAR2niUf4YHyv7tGyEXrWBc8j19zZJg9O4IW6r3-mrWjT-icLh1cUmcV6vY0.