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[Audio] 1,2 BENZOQUINONE. 1,2 BENZOQUINONE.
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[Audio] Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by microorganisms, plants, or cells that are not directly involved in growth but have industrial and pharmaceutical importance. 1,2-Benzoquinone is an aromatic secondary metabolite widely used as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals, dyes, agrochemicals, and fine chemical industries. Industrial production focuses on controlled biochemical or chemical oxidation processes followed by efficient downstream purification..
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[Audio] Diagram of 1,2 benxoquinone. 1,2-Benzoquinone.
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[Audio] Physical Properties Appearance: Yellow to reddish-brown crystalline solid Odour: Pungent Molecular weight: 108.09 g/mol Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene Melting point: ~54–56°C Volatility: Moderately volatile.
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[Audio] Chemical properties Strong oxidising agent Easily reduced to catechol Redox reactions Reacts with amines, phenols, and thiols Chemically unstable under light and heat.
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[Audio] Upstream Process (Bioprocess / Industrial Preparation) The upstream process includes preparation and conversion steps: Selection of precursor Catechol (obtained chemically or via microbial pathways) Oxidation process Chemical oxidants (air, ferric salts) Enzymatic oxidation (phenol oxidase, tyrosinase) REACTION CONDITION CONTROLL PH (ACIDIC TO NEUTRAL ) OXYGEN SUPPLY BIOREACTOR ( ENZYMATIC ) STIRRED TANK REACTOR AERATION AND AGITATION FOR OXIDATION.
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[Audio] DOWNSTREAM PROCESS TERMINATION OF REACTION COOLING or removing the oxidising agent Solid–Liquid SEPARATION filtration or centrifugation to remove unreacted substrate and impurities. Solvent Extraction using organic solvents such as ether or benzene Purification The crude product is purified by recrystallisation. Drying crystals are dried under vacuum or at controlled temperature to remove residual solvent. Packaging and Storage packed in airtight, light-resistant containers to maintain STABILITY.
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[Audio] Catechol ⬇ Controlled Oxidation (Chemical / Enzymatic) ⬇ Reaction Mixture ⬇ Filtration / Centrifugation ⬇ Solvent Extraction ⬇ Purification ⬇ Drying ⬇ 1,2-Benzoquinone.
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Advantages HIGH industrial demand Useful pharmaceutical intermediate Short production cycle Can be produced under controlled conditions Versatile chemical reactivity.
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[Audio] Disadvantages TOXIC AND IRRITATING COMPOUND Chemically unstable Requires careful handling Limited direct therapeutic use Strict control needed during oxidation.
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[Audio] Applications Pharmaceutical intermediate Synthesis of antimicrobial and anticancer compounds Dye and pigment industry Agrochemical production Organic synthesis and research.
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[Audio] KEERTHANA M IFTHIKA SHEEREEN S SASI PRAKASH P PUGAZHENTHI R.
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[Audio] THANK YOU. THANK YOU.