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[Virtual Presenter] The theme responds to the significant challenges highlighted by the UN Secretary General’s High level panel on the Teaching Profession Background: i.On 5th October 1966, the I-L-O and unesco signed a recommendation regarding the ‘Status of Teachers,’ which was adopted during a special intergovernmental conference organized by unesco and I-L-O in Paris, France. ii.The Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel was adopted in 1997 to enhance the 1966 Recommendation by specifically addressing the needs and status of teaching staff in higher education. iii.World Teachers’ Day was first celebrated on 5th October 1994, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the 1966 conference. iv.WTD is co convened in partnership with the International Labour Organization (I-L-O--), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and Education International (E-I---). Teachers’ Day in India: In India, September 5th of every year is observed as Teachers’ Day since 1962 to honour the 2nd President of the country Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, whose birth anniversary falls on the same day. Significance: i.Opportunity to celebrate the transformative impact teachers have on education, while also considering the support they require to fully utilize their skills and passion. ii.To reevaluate the future direction of the teaching profession worldwide. 2024 Events: The global event organized at unesco Headquarters highlights the significance of incorporating teachers’ perspectives into educational policies and creating a supportive environment for their professional growth. About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): Director General– Audrey Azoulay Headquarters– Paris, France International Day of Non Violence 2024 October 2 The United Nations’ (U-N---) International Day of Non Violence is observed annually across the globe on October 2, the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the Indian Independence Movement, who is celebrated for his philosophy of non violence and peace.2nd October 2024 is the 155th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi and 18th International Day of Non Violence. This day is observed alongside Swachh Bharat Diwas, a campaign that resonates with Gandhi’s principle of cleanliness as vital to nation building. Note: In India, October 2 is observed as “Gandhi Jayanti”. Background: i.The day was established by the United Nations General Assembly (U-N-G-A-) through resolution A/RES/61/271 on June 15, 2007, following a proposal by Iranian Nobel Laureate Shirin Ebadi in June 2004. The day was first observed on 2nd October 2007. ii.The day also reinforces a vital message Say No to Violence. In a time marked by conflict and division, the principles of peace and non violence are more relevant than ever. About Mahatma Gandhi and His Philosophy of Non Violence : i.Mahatma Gandhi, often referred to as the ‘Father of the Nation’ in India, was a leader whose impact on both India and the world is profound and enduring. Report Errors in the P-D-F ebooks@affairscloud.com Copyright 2014-2024 @ AffairsCloud.com 302.

[Audio] Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar(Gujarat), Mahatma Gandhi studied law in London,the United Kingdom(UK) before becoming a prominent figure in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. ii.His philosophy of non-violence (Ahimsa) and truth became the cornerstone of his activism. iii.He believed that true power lies in peaceful resistance and reinforced the idea that lasting change is achieved through understanding, compassion, and respect for all humanity. Related Initiatives: i.The Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) 2024 campaign took place from September 17 to October 1, 2024, with the theme "Swabhav Swachhata, Sanskaar Swachhata" (Cleanliness from Within, Cleanliness in Values). It concluded on Gandhi Jayanti, October 2, which also marked the 10th anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission. ii.As part of the campaign, on September 11, 2024, Union Minister of Culture and Tourism, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, inaugurated a special railway coach dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi at Gandhi Darshan, Rajghat, Delhi. This coach, donated by the Ministry of Railways(MoR), has been carefully restored to reflect the era of Mahatma Gandhi. Breast Cancer Awareness Month – October 1 to 31, 2024 Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM) is observed globally from October 1 to 31 every year to raise awareness about breast cancer and its impact worldwide. Theme for 2024: The theme for Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2024 is "No one should face breast cancer alone." This theme emphasizes the importance of support for individuals diagnosed with breast cancer, highlighting the challenges they may face in isolation. Symbol: i.The Pink Ribbon is the international symbol of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. It represents hope and solidarity for individuals affected by breast cancer. ii.Introduced in the early 1990s, the pink ribbon has become a universal emblem of the fight against breast cancer, serving as a reminder of the importance of support for patients and the ongoing need for research. iii.In a global effort to raise awareness about Breast Cancer, October has been designated as "Pink Month" Background: BCAM was first observed in October 1985, initiated by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries. It aimed to promote mammography as a primary tool for early detection. Evolution of the Pink Ribbon : i.The Susan G. Komen Foundation, established in 1982, the world's leading breast cancer organization has been a pioneer in the breast cancer movement, using the color pink to symbolize its commitment to the cause. ii.In 1992, Evelyn H. Lauder, a key figure in breast cancer awareness, co-created the pink ribbon as a symbol for the cause. As the senior corporate vice president of Estée Lauder Companies, she played a significant role in promoting breast cancer research and education. Lauder established the Breast Cancer Research Foundation in 1993, furthering efforts to support research initiatives. Note– The original pink ribbon inspiration colour was Peach. Report Errors.

[Audio] About Breast Cancer: Breast cancer is a prevalent disease that affects millions globally, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in breast tissue. While primarily impacting women, men can also develop this condition. The disease can start in different parts of the breast, including ducts or lobules, and may spread to nearby lymph nodes and other body parts if not detected early. Symptoms: Recognizing the symptoms of breast cancer is crucial for early diagnosis. Key signs include: A hard or irregular lump in the breast is often the first noticeable symptom. Swelling, skin irritation, or dimpling can indicate underlying issues. Unusual discharge, redness, or a change in size or shape can be concerning. Facts: i.Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, with 2.3 million diagnoses and 670,000 deaths in 2022. ii.Significant risk factors include gender (predominantly affecting women), age, obesity, and certain reproductive histories. Genetic factors also play a role in some cases. iii.Regular self-examinations and mammograms, especially for women over 40, are recommended to identify any changes in breast health Initiatives: The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the Global Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI) in 2021, aiming to reduce breast cancer mortality rates by 2.5% annually by 2040. With approximately 2.3 million new cases reported each year, this month encourages communities to come together, share knowledge, and promote early detection, support those effected by disease, raise funds for research, prevention and treatment. Breast Cancer in India: i.As per Global Cancer Observatory, International Agency for Research on Cancer(ICAR)-WHO, 2022, the breast cancer is the most common type of cancer globally with estimated mortality cases of 6,65,255 for the year 2022 among females. ii.India ranks highest in number of estimated breast cancer deaths (98,337) for the year 2022 among females. International Coffee Day 2024- October 1 International Coffee Day (ICD), is annually observed across the globe on October 1, to honor coffee and the people behind it. It is an initiative by the International Coffee Organization (ICO), aimed at recognizing the hard work of people in the coffee industry, including farmers, roasters, baristas, and coffee shop owners. The day not only highlights the importance of coffee but also promotes fair trade and sustainable practices in coffee production. Theme: The 2024 Theme of International Coffee Day is, "Coffee: your daily ritual, our shared journey." This theme focuses on the importance of teamwork across the entire coffee industry, from farmers growing the beans to the businesses selling coffee. Background: i.In March 2014, the member states of the ICO agreed to observe International Coffee Day(ICD) on 1 October of every year to create a single day of celebration for coffee lovers around the world. ii.The first ever ICD was observed on 1 October 2015 by 74 member states of the ICO and 26 coffee associations from around the world. Report Errors in the PDF - ebooks@affairscloud.com.

[Audio] iii.The first ICD coincided with the 115th session of the International Coffee Council (ICC) and the first Global Coffee Forum (GCF) which took place during Expo Milan 2015 in Milan, Italy. About Coffee: 1. i.Coffee plant originated in Ethiopia and spread to the Middle East before making its way to Europe in the 15th century. ii.It comes from coffee beans, which are the seeds of the berries from the Coffea plant. iii.The two main types of coffee beans are Arabica and Robusta. Arabica is known for its smooth taste, while Robusta has a stronger, more bitter flavor. iv.It is one of the 3 most popular beverages in the world (alongside water and tea). Keyfacts : i.Coffee is the world's second most traded commodity after Oil. ii.The top 5 coffee producing countries are Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia and Ethiopia. iii.The Top 3 coffee producing states in India are Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu(TN). iv.World coffee exports amounted to 11.19 million bags in August 2024, compared with 10.25 million in August 2023. 2024 Events: i.To commemorate the ICD 2024 on 1 October 2024, the ICO launched a campaign that has provided different ways for people to get involved. They have created videos, posters, and postcards that show the importance of teamwork in the coffee industry. ii.With 2025 designated by the United Nations as the International Year of Cooperatives, the ICO's campaign draws inspiration from this milestone, emphasizing collaboration as the key to a more sustainable and equitable coffee sector. About the International Coffee Organization (ICO): Executive Director(ED) – Vanúsia Nogueira Headquarters – London, the United Kingdom(UK) Established – 1963 World Vegetarian Day 2024- October 1 World Vegetarian Day (WVD) is annually celebrated across the globe on October 1 to encourage people to enjoy vegetarian food and highlights the benefits of living a vegetarian lifestyle. World Vegetarian Day also marks the beginning of Vegetarian Awareness Month, which runs from October 1 to November 1 (World Vegan Day). This month is dedicated to educating the public about the benefits of vegetarianism and encouraging more people to try a plant-based diet. Background: The World Vegetarian Day (WVD) was started in 1977 by the North American Vegetarian Society (NAVS) and later it was endorsed by the International Vegetarian Union (IVU) in 1978. About Vegetarianism: Vegetarianism is a dietary practice where individuals abstain from eating meat, poultry, and fish. It is often motivated by various reasons, including health benefits, environmental concerns, and ethical considerations related to animal welfare. History: i.Vegetarianism has roots in various cultures and philosophies, including ancient Indian and Greek traditions. Philosophers like Pythagoras advocated for a meat-free diet, emphasizing compassion for animals and the environment Report Errors in the PDF - ebooks@affairscloud.com Copyright 2014-2024 @ AffairsCloud.com 305.

[Audio] ii.In 1847, the modern vegetarian movement gained traction with the formation of the Vegetarian Society in England, followed by the creation of the International Vegetarian Society in 1908 emphasizing health and ethical considerations. Types of Vegetarians: i.Lacto Vegetarians- This group consumes dairy products but avoids eggs and meat. ii.Ovo-Lacto Vegetarians– These individuals do not consume meat but include dairy products and eggs in their diets. iii.Ovo Vegetarians-They eat eggs but avoid dairy and all types of meat. iv.Vegans– Vegans do not consume any animal products, including meat, dairy, eggs, and even honey. They often extend this principle to other areas of their lives by avoiding animal-derived products like leather and certain cosmetics. Significance of World Vegetarian Day (WCD): Health Benefits: Research suggests that a plant-based diet may reduce the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes and certain cancers. It can lead to lower cholesterol levels, better heart health, and weight management. Environmental Impact: Meat production is resource-intensive, requiring large amounts of water and land. Reducing meat consumption can significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions, helping combat climate change. Animal Rights: The day raises awareness about animal cruelty in the meat industry. It encourages compassion for all living beings and promotes ethical consumption. Culinary Exploration: World Vegetarian Day encourages people to try new vegetarian dishes and cuisines. It showcases the diversity and richness of plant-based meals, breaking the stereotype that vegetarian food is bland. Awareness and Education: The day serves as a platform to educate the public about the benefits of vegetarianism. It raises awareness about the impacts of dietary choices on health, animals, and the environment. Various organizations and communities host events, workshops, and campaigns to spread knowledge about vegetarianism. 70th Wildlife Week – 2nd to 8th October 2024 Wildlife Week is annually observed across India from 2nd to 8th of October to raise awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation and protecting India's rich biodiversity. The year 2024 marks the observance of the 70th Wildlife Week in India. The week includes various events, campaigns, and educational programs that highlight the need to preserve natural habitats, protect endangered species and encourage sustainable wildlife management. Theme: i.The theme of Wildlife Week 2024 is "Wildlife Conservation through Coexistence". ii.The theme highlights the importance of humans living in harmony with wildlife, focusing on collective responsibility and the urgent need to preserve natural habitats. Report Errors in the PDF - ebooks@affairscloud.com Copyright 2014-2024 @ AffairsCloud.com 306.

[Audio] Background: i.Wildlife Week was conceptualised in 1952 when the Government of India constituted an advisory body designated as the Indian Board for Wildlife (IBWL). ii.Originally observed as Wildlife Day in 1955, it was later expanded into a week-long celebration in 1957, becoming Wildlife Week. iii.The first Wildlife Week was observed in 1957. Note: The United Nations (UN)'s World Wildlife Day (WWD) is annually observed across the globe on 3rd March. Constitutional Provisions for Wildlife Protection: i.Article 51A (g): Every citizen has a fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural environment, including forests and wildlife. ii.Article 48A: The state is required to protect and improve the environment, including forests and wildlife. This article was added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. About the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) i.The Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 was amended in 1991 and again in 2002 to enhance its provisions and address emerging conservation challenges ii.The 2002 amendment to the Wildlife (Protection) Act introduced a provision for establishing the National Board for Wildlife, which replaced the earlier Indian Board for Wildlife. iii.The National Board for Wildlife has 47 members with the Prime Minister in the Chair Celebrations of Wildlife Week 2024: i.The National Zoological Park in New Delhi has been celebrating National Wildlife Week from October 2 to 8, 2024. The focus is not only on celebrating biodiversity but also on the challenges that wildlife faces due to habitat loss, climate change, and poaching. ii.On the 5th day of National Wildlife Week, the Wildlife Protection Division Kargil organized a backyard birding and cleanliness drive in Suru Valley (Khachan, Faroona) World Space Week 2024 – 4th to 10th October The United Nations (UN)'s World Space Week (WSW) is annually observed across the globe from 4th to 10th of October to motivate and unite people worldwide, emphasizing the strong collaboration between space technology and climatic science. World Space Week 2024 highlights the vital role of satellites and space technology in tracking environmental changes and developing strategies to reduce the effects of climate change. Theme: The theme of World Space Week 2024 is "Space and Climatic Change". i.The theme highlights the transformative impact of space technology in our fight against climate change and shows how space exploration improves our ability to understand and manage Earth's climate. ii.Each year, the World Space Week Association (WSWA) Board of Directors chooses a theme that reflects the purpose and objectives of the upcoming World Space Week Background: i.In December 1999, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/54/68 and proclaimed 4th to 10th October of every year as the as the World Space Week. ii.The first-ever WSW was observed from 4th to 10th October 2000. iii.The celebration of WSW guided by the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).

[Audio] October 10 commemorates the signing of "Magna Carta of Space", also known as the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies in 1967 Significance: WSW 2024 serves as a global hub for collaboration, bringing together experts, students, and enthusiasts from various fields to explore and develop strategies using space technology to promote environmental sustainability and strengthen resilience against climate change. Poster: WSW announced the WSW 2024 poster which highlights "the essential connection between space exploration and climatic change". About the United Nations Office of Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA): Director – Aarti Holla-Maini Headquarters – Vienna, Austria Established – 1958 World Cerebral Palsy Day 2024 – October 6 World Cerebral Palsy Day (WCPD) is annually observed across the globe on 6th October to raise awareness of Cerebral Palsy (CP) to ensure a future where children and adults with cerebral palsy have the same rights, access, and opportunities as everyone else in society. CP is a neurological disorder that affects motor abilities and muscle mobility Theme: The theme of World Cerebral Palsy Day 2024 is "#UniquelyCP". The theme of WCPD highlights raising awareness that a person's disability is not their entire identity, their unique capabilities and strengths help them achieve their goals in life. Background: i.In 2012, the Cerebral Palsy Alliance declared 6th October as WCPD. ii.Cerebral Palsy Day began with a small campaign called "Change My World in One Minute", initiated by the Cerebral Palsy Alliance in Australia About Cerebral Palsy: i.Cerebral palsy is a physical disability that mainly impacts movement and posture, often involving additional difficulties with vision, hearing, communication, muscle control, balance, and mobility. ii.Cerebral palsy is typically caused by damage to the developing brain either during pregnancy or shortly after birth. iii.Types: Spastic Cerebral Palsy, Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy, Ataxic Cerebral Palsy, Mixed Cerebral Palsy and Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy. Key facts: According to the Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation (CPARF): Around 17 million people worldwide have some form of cerebral palsy. Another 350 million people are closely connected to a child or adult with cerebral palsy. Effects: 1 in 4 children with CP cannot talk, 1 in 4 cannot walk, 1 in 2 have an intellectual disability and 1 in 4 have epilepsy. 2024 Event: To commemorate 2024 WCPD, activities may include awareness campaigns, fundraising events, and educational workshops designed to improve support and services for those living with CP. Report Errors in the PDF - ebooks@affairscloud.com Copyright 2014-2024 @ AffairsCloud.com 308.

[Audio] Observance in India: Under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MSJE), Government of India (GOI), the National Trust for the Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation (Intellectual Disability), and Multiple Disabilities organized a National Meet on World Cerebral Palsy Day, October 6, 2024. About Cerebral Palsy Alliance (CPA): CPA formerly known as The Spastic Centre is the world's largest private funder of CP research and also a global centre of expertise for CP research, advocacy, intervention, and assistive technology innovation. Chair– Andrew Buchanan Headquarters– New South Wales, Australia Founded– 1945 World Habitat Day 2024 – October 7 The United Nations (UN)'s World Habitat Day (WHD) is annually observed across the globe on the first Monday of October to reflect the condition of our habitats and to emphasize the fundamental right of every individual to adequate shelter. The WHD 2024 was observed on 7th October 2024. Theme: The theme of WHD 2024 is "Engaging youth to create a better urban future". The theme highlights the chances and challenges of rapid urban growth and encourages young people to get involved in planning their communities now and in the future. Host country: The WHD 2024 global ceremony was held in Mexico at the "Educational Cultural Center of the state of Querétaro". Background: i.On 17 December 1985, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a resolution (A/RES/40/202) and decided to observe the first Monday of October every year as World Habitat Day. ii.The WHD was first celebrated in 1986 with the theme "Shelter is My Right". The city of Nairobi in Kenya hosted it. Urban October: 31 days of promoting a better urban future: i.Every October, UN-Habitat and its partners hold a month full of activities and events about urban sustainability. This gives people all over the world a chance to join the important discussion about the future of our cities and towns. ii.The Urban October month begins with the WHD on the first Monday of October and concludes with World Cities Day on 31 October 2024. The global observance of World Cities Day on 31st October 2024 will take place in Alexandria, Egypt with the theme "Youth leading climate and local action for cities". The UN World Cities Day was first celebrated on 31st October 2014. iii.In the year 2024, Urban October shines a light on youth and their role in shaping our urban future Scroll of Honour Award: i.The UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award was established by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 1989. ii.UN-Habitat will present this prestigious award to the five winners of the 2024 edition during the Global Observance of the World Habitat Day. iii. Winners of the 2024 UN-Habitat Scroll Award: Ville de Rabat from the Kingdom of Morocco..

[Audio] Allen Kong from Ocean Grove, Australia. David Satterthwaite from London, United Kingdom(UK). About the United Nations: Secretary General– António Guterres Establishment– 1945 Headquarters– New York, The United States of America (USA) World Cotton Day 2024 – October 7 The United Nations (UN)'s World Cotton Day (WCD) is annually observed across the globe on 7 October to raise the visibility of the cotton sector and create awareness about its critical role in economic development, international trade and poverty alleviation. The day also highlights the need for sustainable economic growth and decent work for all. 7th October 2024 marks the observance of the 4th World Cotton Day. Background: i.The idea of World Cotton Day was initiated in 2019, when 4 cotton producers in sub-Saharan Africa– Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali, known as the Cotton Four -proposed the World Trade Organization(WTO) for the observance of World Cotton Day celebration on October 7. ii.In August 2021, The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/75/318 and declared the 7th of October of every year as World Cotton Day. iii.The first-ever World Cotton Day was observed on 7th October 2021. Importance of Cotton: i.Cotton, the natural fabric, sustains 32 million growers (almost half of them women) and benefits over 100 million families across 80 countries in 5 continents. ii.China, India, Pakistan, the United States of America(USA), and Uzbekistan, account for over 70% of world cotton production. iii.Over the last decade China and India have been leading the world cotton production. Events 2024: i.In 2024, World Cotton Day was celebrated on 7th October 2024 in Cotonou, Benin, marking the 1st time the event will be held in the country. ii.This also marks the 1st WCD celebrated on the African Continent. iii.The event titled "Cotton For Good" is jointly organized by the Government of Benin and the Secretariat of the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), WTO, the International Trade Center (ITC), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Ministry of Textiles celebrates 'World Cotton Day' 2024 Union Minister Giriraj Singh, Ministry of Textiles, attended the celebration of World Cotton Day 2024 held in New Delhi, Delhi. The conference was jointly hosted by the Ministry of Textiles, Confederation of Indian Textile Industries (CITI) and Cotton Corporation of India focusing on the theme of "Megatrends Shaping Cotton Textile Value Chain". Additional info: i.The Union Minister reiterated the commitment of the government to achieve the target of USD 350 billion by 2030 including the export target of USD 100 billion. India's textile Ecosystem is currently valued.

[Audio] ii.Rachna Shah, Textiles Secretary, urged the cotton value chain stakeholders to concentrate on increasing cotton productivity, as India ranks 35th in terms of yield. Leading Organisations signed MoUs with TEXPROCIL to promote Kasturi Cotton Bharat Brand During the event organised by the Ministry of Textile, leading industry organisations signed a Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) with Sunil Patwari, Chairman of The Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council (TEXPROCIL) to promote Kasturi Cotton Bharat, India's premium cotton brand, across the cotton value chain. Details of the MoU: i.CITI and TEXPROCIL signed a MoU to promote awareness and enhance the quality of Indian cotton, ensuring farmers benefit from the Kasturi Cotton mark. The MoU was signed by Rakesh Mehra, Chairman, CITI Under this MoU, CITI aims to optimise cotton production across hectares under the CITI-Cotton Development and Research Association (CDRA) Sustainability Program. ii.Jyoti Kapoor, Country Director – India, Better Cotton Initiative signed an MoU to support sustainably sourced cotton, reinforcing one of the key pillars of the Kasturi Cotton initiative. ii.Dr Pradeep Kumar Agarwal, Trident Group also signed an MoU to utilise over 500,000 bales of Kasturi Cotton over the next two cotton seasons, while Vardhman Group pledged to process 21,000 bales during the upcoming season. iii.Rahul Mehta, Chief Mentor, Clothing Manufacturers Association of India (CMAI), signed an MoU with TEXPROCIL to promote the brand among its members, amplifying Kasturi Cotton's presence across fashion and apparel platforms. iv.The Brands and Sourcing Leaders Association (BSL) also signed a MoU to enhance the global marketing and branding of Kasturi Cotton, using its expertise to integrate cotton into contemporary fashion designs. v.Kinner Lakhani, Chief Operating Officer(COO), CottonConnect, has partnered with TEXPROCIL to support farmers align their cultivation with Kasturi Cotton's quality standards, fostering responsible growth practices and enhancing farmer livelihoods National Postal Week 2024 – October 7 to 11 National Post Week (NPW) is the annual celebration of Indian postal services which reflects the emerging role of India Post in driving the socio-economic development of the nation. The annual observance is led by the Department of Posts under the Ministry of Communications. National Post Week 2024 was held from 7th to 11th October 2024. Note: National Post Week 2023 was observed from 9th to 15th October 2023. Significance: i.The National Post Week is annually observed in the week that includes the celebration of the United Nations (UN)'s World Post Day, which is annually observed on 9th October to mark the establishment of the Universal Postal Union(UPU) in 1874. ii.The theme of World Post Day 2024, which marks the 150th Anniversary of UPU, is "150 years of enabling communication and empowering peoples across nations". Theme: The theme of NPW 2024 is "Dak Seva: Jan Seva" ("Postal Service-Public Service"). The theme for NPW 2024 highlights the commitment of.

[Audio] iii.9th October 2024 – World Post Day iv.10th October 2024 – Antyodaya Diwas v.11th October 2024 – Vittiya Sashaktikaran Diwas 2024 Events: October 7 – Mails and Parcels Day: i.Customer meets were conducted for customers to inform about the new initiatives taken under Mail and Parcel and obtain feedback on the services offered. ii.Workshops on Dak Ghar Niryat Kendra for exporters were organised with a focus on the benefits and facilities provided by Dak Ghar Niryat Kendra. October 8 – Philately Day: i.Interactive sessions at schools were held for DHAI AKHAR –"The Joy of Writing: Importance of Letters in a Digital Age". ii.Seminars were conducted for the Philatelists to promote philately. October 9 – World Post Day: i.Amitabh Singh, Chief Postmaster General, released a A special cancellation with Augmented Reality and a postcard on the theme of World Post Day 2024. ii.Postathon Walk Relay was held at various locations in the circle, promoting the message of "Fit Post, Fit India". This event started with a tree-planting ceremony, "ek Ped Maa Ke Naam". October 10 – Antyodaya Diwas: i.Awareness cum Aadhar enrolment and updation camps will be organized in tribal, hilly and rural/remote areas and urban slums. October 11 – Vittiya Sashaktikaran Diwas: i.Special emphasis will be placed on girl child empowerment through financial literacy and inclusion programs. ii.Dak Community Development Program (Dak Choupal) was held to bring all Welfare schemes of the Central Government, State Government, and Local Authorities to one platform exclusively for beneficiaries About Ministry of Communication: Union Minister – Jyotiraditya M. Scindia (Constituency- Guna, Madhya Pradesh-MP) Minister of State– Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani (Constituency- Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-AP) World Migratory Bird Day 2024 – October 12 The United Nations (UN)'s World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) is biannually observed across the globe on the 2nd Saturday of May and October, to raise awareness of migratory birds and the need for international cooperation to conserve them. The WMBD 2024 falls on 11th May 2024 and 12th October 2024. WMBD 2023 was observed on 13th May 2023 and 14th October 2023 and WMBD 2025 will be observed on 10th May 2025 and 11th October 2025. Theme: The theme/campaign slogan of WMBD 2024 is "Protect Insects, Protect Birds". i.The WMBD 2024 focuses on insects and their importance to migratory birds. ii.The theme highlights the important role insects play in supporting bird populations. Many birds rely on insects for food, especially during breeding and migration. Background: i.International Migratory Bird Day (IMBD), now WMBD, was created in the USA in 1993 by visionaries at the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. Report Errors in the PDF - ebooks@affairscloud.com Copyright 2014-2024 @ AffairsCloud.com.

[Audio] ii.It was organised by a collaborative partnership among 2 UN treaties –the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS); the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), and Environment for the Americas (EFTA). iii.On the occasion of its 10th anniversary in 2005, the AEWA Secretariat initiated the Migratory Waterbird Days (MWD) which were held in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia. iv.The 1st ever WMBD was launched by AEWA and CMS on the weekend of 8-9 April 2006 on Kuki Gallmann's famous wildlife reserve 'Ole Ari Nyiro' in Laikipia, Kenya. v.In 2023, the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership (EAAFP) was added to this Partnership to strengthen engagement and awareness for migratory birds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Why May and October? I.WMBD annually celebrated on the 2nd Saturday in May and October aligns with the cyclic nature of bird migration in different hemispheres. ii.2nd Saturday of May is celebrated in Canada and the United States of America (USA) and the 2nd Saturday of October is celebrated in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Key Points: i.An analysis in the journal Science revealed an alarming decline of approximately 9% in the global insect population per decade. ii.The USA and Canada have witnessed a 29% drop in bird populations since 1970, equating to around 2.9 billion fewer birds. World Post Day 2024 – October 9 The United Nations (UN)'s World Post Day(WPD) is annually observed across the globe on 9th October to commemorate the anniversary of the establishment of the Universal Postal Union(UPU) in 1874 in Bern, Switzerland. The theme of 2024 WPD which marks the 150th Anniversary of the establishment of UPU, is "150 years of enabling communication and empowering peoples across nations". Significance: i.The day aims to create awareness about the importance of the postal sector in the everyday lives of people and businesses. ii.The day also highlights its contribution to the social and economic development of countries. Background: i.In 1969, the UPU Congress held in Tokyo(Japan) adopted the resolution and recommended the observance of UPU Day on 9th October of every year to mark the anniversary of the establishment of UPU. ii.In 1984, the UPU congress held in Hamburg(Germany) renamed the observance of UPU Day as WPD.. About UPU: i.The UPU is the 2nd oldest international organization in the world after the International Telecommunication Union(ITU). ii.It coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. iii.It became a specialized agency of the UN on 1st July 1948. Importance of Postal system: i.Around 28% of the global adult population (over 1.5 billion people) access basic financial services (payments, money transfers, and savings) through postal networks. ii.The global parcels market has grown from just under 450 billion USD in 2018 to over 500 billion USD in 2020. Report Errors in the PDF - ebooks@affairscloud.com Copyright.

[Audio] International Letter-Writing Competition for Young People i.The competition, organised since 1971, invites children aged 9 to 15 to write "a letter to future generations about the world they hope to inherit.". ii.2024 marks the 53rd edition of the competition organised by UPU in partnership with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). iii.The participants of the 2024 competition were encouraged to reflect on the future of the world under the theme: "At 150 years old, the UPU has served people around the world for more than eight generations. The world has changed enormously since then. Write a letter to future generations about the world you hope they inherit." UN Released UPU Stamp: i.The UN Postal Administration(UNPA) issued three stamps designed and illustrated by Sergio Baradat to commemorate the 150th Anniversary of UPU. ii.The stamps were printed by Joh. Enschede of the Netherlands by hexachrome. iii.Each stamp measures 51 millimetres(mm) by 36mm, and each pane of nine is 177mm by 163mm. Additional info: i.The UN is the only organization in the world which is neither a country nor a territory that is permitted to issue postage stamps ii.It is also the only postal authority to issue stamps in three different currencies, namely U.S. Dollars, Swiss Francs and Euro. iii.The 1st UN stamps were issued in USD denominations on 24th October, 1951(the UN Day) Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel Unveils commemorative stamp to mark 25 years' of Mundra Port On 9th October 2024 (World Post Day), Bhupendra Patel, Chief Minister (CM) of Gujarat, unveiled a commemorative postage stamp titled '25 Years of Progress – Mundra Port' to mark the completion of 25 years of Mundra Port's development during an event held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. India Post has also introduced a special cover and stamp cancellation procedure. The stamp depicts the journey of Mundra from an ordinary jetty to a vital global shipping hub. This commemorative stamp was released by India Post in collaboration with Adani Ports and SEZ Limited(APSEZ). A replica of the stamp sheet will be permanently displayed at the National Philatelic Museum in New Delhi, Delhi. About Mundra: i.Mundra is a significant port located on the northern coast of the Gulf of Kutch. It was established as a captive jetty in 1994. ii.The port has been developed under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model. Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited (MPSEZ),India's first private port, have been operational since 2001. About the Universal Postal Union(UPU): Director General(DG)– Masahiko Metoki Headquartered– Bern, Switzerland Established– 1874 Member countries– 192 92nd Indian Air Force Day – 8th October 2024 India Air Force (IAF) Day (IAF Raising Day) is annually observed across India on 8th October to commemorate the establishment of the Indian Air Force(IAF) on 8 October 1932, an auxiliary air force of the British.