Name: Slide 1
Uploaded: 2026-04-03
Duration: 2 min 50 s
Description: Fluids and Electrolytes. Chapter 42 Dawn Onstott DNP, RN.

Fluids and Electrolytes. Chapter 42 Dawn Onstott DNP, RN. 

Scene 1

A structure of a molecule

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Case. [image] A person in a white shirt AI generated content may be incorrect. 

Scene 2

[image] A person in a white shirt AI generated content may be incorrect

A 62-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department after three days of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
History: Hypertension (on diuretics), Type 2 Diabetes.
Presentation: Weak, dizzy, confused, dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor.
Vital Signs: BP 88/54 mmHg, HR 118 bpm, RR 24, Temp 99.8°F, SpO₂ 95% on room air.
Labs:
Sodium: 128 mEq/L (low)
Potassium: 3.0 mEq/L (low)
Chloride: 94 mEq/L (low)
BUN: 34 mg/dL (elevated)
Creatinine: 1.8 mg/dL (elevated)
Glucose: 142 mg/dL


Discussion Points
What clues suggest this patient is experiencing a fluid volume deficit?
(e.g., hypotension, tachycardia, poor skin turgor, elevated BUN/Cr). Which electrolytes are most concerning right now? Why?
(e.g., low sodium → risk for confusion/seizures; low potassium → risk for arrhythmias). What immediate nursing interventions should be considered?
(IV fluids, electrolyte replacement, cardiac monitoring, fall precautions).

Chemical formulae are written on paper. Describe the composition of body fluids Interpretation of lab values Describe the difference between hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions. Describe the difference between EFVE (extracellular fluid volume excess) and EFVD (extracellular fluid volume deficit) Application of the nursing process when caring for a patient with fluid and electrolyte imbalance Discuss the purpose and procedure for initiating IVF treatment Describe how to measure and record Intake and Output Describe potential complications of IV therapy and the management Describe how to care for an IV access and flushing. 

Scene 3

Describe the composition of body fluids  Interpretation of lab values  Describe the difference between hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.  Describe the difference between EFVE (extracellular fluid volume excess) and EFVD (extracellular fluid volume deficit) Application of the nursing process when caring for a patient with fluid and electrolyte imbalance  Discuss the purpose and procedure for initiating IVF treatment   Describe how to measure and record Intake and Output  Describe potential complications of IV therapy and the management   Describe how to care for an IV access and flushing

Chemical formulae are written on paper. Compartments (where they are kept) ICF ECF Plasma Interstitial Movement Diffusion Osmosis- movement of water Filtration- kidneys are the number one filter Active transport- require ATP(energy) to go through the memebrane into the cell and out of the cell. Regulation (electrolites and fluid) – thirst, ADH- increases blood pressure by holding onto fluid, RAAS, and ANP Nursing process https://www.osmosis.org/learn/Body_fluid_compartments. 

Scene 4

Compartments (where they are kept)  ICF ECF Plasma Interstitial  Movement  Diffusion Osmosis- movement of water Filtration- kidneys are the number one filter  Active transport- require ATP(energy) to go through the memebrane into the cell and out of the cell.   Regulation (electrolites and fluid) – thirst, ADH- increases blood pressure by holding onto fluid, RAAS, and ANP Nursing process  https://www.osmosis.org/learn/Body_fluid_compartments

Fluid is blood, glucose, and more. Also, inside the cell and surronding the cell.  Crystaloids and kaliods are fluids Osmolality- amount of concentrated solute particles. Solutes in water. Looking to see how much sodium is in the blood. 
 Sodium  Tonicity- amount of sodium compared to water

5. [image] dts$an4 (Ompar4-møC4-s 4-0 e F malan up t13 body wed-er cscF) (O cells elecGk4es are requ(a4-eJ. 

Scene 5

[image] dts$an4
(Ompar4-møC4-s
4-0
e F malan up
t13
body wed-er
cscF) (O
cells
elecGk4es
are requ(a4-eJ

6. [image] Q 0m Ion ly-leg (cbarqcd9 parkdu wa4-er-) antms *as-sux m - sags hbu sa14QNac-ljm 14. 

Scene 6

[image] Q 0m Ion
ly-leg
(cbarqcd9 parkdu
wa4-er-)
antms
*as-sux m
- sags
hbu sa14QNac-ljm 14

Diagram, schematic Description automatically generated. 

Scene 7

Diagram, schematic

Description automatically generated

Location and movement of water and electrolytes Fluid distribution Composition of body fluids

8. Movement. Figure 42.3: Osmosis moves water through semi-permeable membrane. An image showing the process of osmosis.. 

Scene 8

Figure 42.3: Osmosis moves water through semi-permeable membrane. An image showing the process of osmosis.

Movement of Water and Electrolytes Active transport Diffusion Osmosis- movement of water through diffusion Filtration Water moves albumin

9. Regulation – Fluid balance. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)- self regulation of volume. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) LevelUp RN – RAAS https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/endocrine-system-4-adh-aldosterone-raas?srsltid=AfmBOopTSJQMed7SjCEoCW4Ej9fqHRb4ZsF3-4xGLcDFWtvIr8wJSr8h. 

Scene 9

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)- self regulation of volume.  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)  LevelUp RN – RAAS  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/endocrine-system-4-adh-aldosterone-raas?srsltid=AfmBOopTSJQMed7SjCEoCW4Ej9fqHRb4ZsF3-4xGLcDFWtvIr8wJSr8h

Figure 42.6: Stimuli affecting thirst mechanism. An image showing all the mechanisms that attribute to thirst.

Regulation: Hormonal controls: RAAS – ADH-ANP. A diagram of medical information Description automatically generated with medium confidence. 

Scene 10

Regulation: Hormonal controls: RAAS – ADH-ANP

A diagram of medical information

Description automatically generated with medium confidence

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) – (vasopressin) – produced in the hypothalamus  Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) – hormone-enzyme-hormone  Atrial & Brain Natriuretic Peptides (ANP and BNP) – atrial hormone – ventricle hormone

Regulation: RAAS. 11. Liver In 16 lurg OWIÅs @ItasotvnS4nc41dö blood ACE ACE prom&s pthssum. 

Scene 11

Liver
In
16
lurg
OWIÅs
@ItasotvnS4nc41dö
blood
ACE
ACE
prom&s
pthssum

Blood pressure drops, body understand there is a problem, and then there is the messenger. 
 Neuphrons sensitive to pressure, stimulates the kindneys to release renin into the blood system and then it tells the liver and the liver releases aniotensisinsin into the blood stream, then it is converted into angiotenis one. Lungs help my releasing ACE, and turns it into angiotensin 2, once it is created from the, you see changes in the blody like vasue constrition increasing pressure. And tht is what we want. Adrenenal glands hold onto sodium by releasing aldostrone, ADH, created in the hypothalamus and created into the prutirtary. Ace inhibitors inhibit ace from happening. Prevent blood pressures from going up.

[image] Liver Angiotensinogen Renin Kidneys Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal gland for stimulate release of Aldosterone Lungs ACE Angiotensin II Angiotensin II Blood vessel Angiotensin II is a constrictor of all blood vessels. It acts on the smooth muscle Aldosterone Aldosterone Aldosterone Stimulate reabsorption of sodium and water. 

Scene 12

[image] Liver
Angiotensinogen
Renin
Kidneys
Angiotensin II acts on the
adrenal gland for stimulate
release of Aldosterone
Lungs
ACE
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
Blood vessel
Angiotensin II is a constrictor
of all blood vessels. It acts
on the smooth muscle
Aldosterone
Aldosterone
Aldosterone
Stimulate reabsorption
of sodium and water

Slide 1

 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Slide 1

Scene 1 (0s)

Scene 2 (9s)

Scene 3 (40s)

Scene 4 (58s)

Scene 5 (1m 20s)

Scene 6 (1m 27s)

Scene 7 (1m 33s)

Scene 8 (1m 41s)

Scene 9 (1m 51s)

Scene 10 (2m 4s)

Scene 11 (2m 14s)

Scene 12 (2m 40s)