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Developmental Milestones                 and  the Age – Appropriate Feed

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Feeding young children can be an intense and emotional experience for both,  the parent and the child.

It is the ability achieved by a  child by a certain age.

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Prenatal
(Weeks' gestation)
Birth Postnatal
(months after birth)
15
Chymotrypsin
Trypsin
20 25 30
35 40 3 6 9 12 24
Carboxypeptidase B
Enterokinase
Pancreatic amylase — —
Salivary amylase
Pancreatic lipase
Gastric and lingual lipases
Percentages refer to childhood enzyme levels
6000
250/
170/
100/

Role of Digestive Enzymes & Saliva on Feeding

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Role of Oro- facial Development in Feeding

6
10-12
Indicative
age (mo)
Oral cavity
Teeth
18
Oral cavity size increasing
24
Larynx lowering
Pharynx elongation
Incisors
MLSe and bone development
First molars
36
Sa20nd molars
rmanenth
Canines

Vertical movement
Backward-forward movement
Tongue
Vertical movement
Mandibule
Control of the food bolus in the mouth
La teralmovement
Diagonal movement
Closed for keeping food bolus in the mouth
Spoon puree removing
Circular rotary movement
Lips
Feeding
skills
Propulsion I retropropulsion
Streching - Nipple
Aspiration: Intense activity
Suckling-Swallowing
Munching
Sucking
Grasping-Biting

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5 – 6 months  – Bitter/ strong tastes when first introduced at this age lead to a refusal as it is considered toxic/ dangerous 18 months  – Reject salt water     	and accept salt in table 	foods. (Delaney &  Arvedson , 2008)

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Suck reflex integrates Runny purees Rooting reflex integrates Tongue thrust reduces Hard  munchables Bite and dissolve Tongue  laterilisation Soft finger foods/ solid foods Graded bite Integration of  phasic  bite and tongue lateralisation  Mixed textures Phasic  bite pattern and Jaw stability increases Thick purees/ mashed

Role of Oral Motor Readiness in Texture Progression

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Image result for soft finger foods for babies

Image result for mixed textured foods for babies

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Age of Infant
By Month
Age Grouping
%quence of
Introducing FOMis
Texture of
Complementary
Ws
Fæiing Style
5
6
11
12
Birth through
3 months
Breast milk or Infant
Formula
Breastfeeding/
4 months through
6 months
Complementa
Strained/ pureed
e Feeding
c
6 months through
8 months
fM)ds
thin consistency for c
8 months through
12 months
Mas ed
Ground/
Finely Chopp„ed
n Feeding
Feeding
Self Feedinv
Feeding Finger Foods

Complementary Food Recommendations as per the Texture and Feeding Style Readiness

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Appetite Regulation During the Child’s Growth

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Ideally, a baby should receive the first breastfeed within the  first hour of birth. No other fluid or food items like honey, ghutti, animal milk, tea, water or glucose water should be given to the newborn.

Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months to achieve optimal growth, development and health.  (WHO, 2002)

Image result for vectors of breast feeding

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Additional complementary feeding should be initiated by 6 months of age.

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Thick porridge made of maize, cassava, millets, to which milk, soy, groundnuts, sugar, jaggery or ghee can be added  Mixtures of pureed foods made from potatoes, cassava, posho (maize or millet), rice, mixed with fish, beans or pounded groundnuts. Addition of green vegetables would allow consumption of nutritious foods. Commercially prepared infant foods/formulae

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Practical Guidelines on the Quality, Frequency, and Amount of Food to Offer Children of Age 6–23 Months

Age Energy  needed per day in addition to breast milk Texture Frequency Amount  of food an average child will usually eat at each meal 6-8 months 200 kcal per day Start  with thick porridge, well-mashed foods. Continue with mashed family foods. 2-3 meals per day. Depending on the child’s appetite, 1-2 snacks may be offered. Start  with 2-3 tablespoons per feed, increasing gradually to ½ of 250-ml cup 9-11 months 300 kcal per day Finely chopped or mashed foods and foods  that baby can pick up 3-4 meals per day. Depending on the child’s appetite, 1-2 snacks may be offered. ½ of a 250-ml cup/ bowl 12-23 months 550 kcal per day Family  foods, chopped or mashed if necessary 3-4 meals per day. Depending on the child’s appetite, 1-2 snacks may be offered. ¼ to full 250-ml cup/  bowl

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Feeding in Special Scenarios  Maternal Factors

CONDITIONS  IN WHICH  BREASTFEEDING CAN BE CONTINUED CONDITIONS THAT  WARRANT TEMPORARY CESSATION OF BREAST FEEDING  CONDITIONS  IN WHICH BREASTFEEDING  IS CONTRAINDICATED

(Infant and Young Child Feeding Guidelines, IAP, 2016)