TOWN PLANNING

[Audio] Evolution of town planning – Navi Mumbai..

[Audio] The history and need for new city. HISTORY AND NEED FOR NEW CITY.

[Audio] Earlier Bombay was the commercial and financial center of India with a population of about twelve million in the year 2010. Mumbai was built on a set of seven islands, coalesced into a single landsmass by the Hornby Vellard project via large scale land reclamation in the year 1845. Each day the city grew by many thousand immigrants from predominantly rural areas. With Mumbai's long narrow peninsula, its particular topography, the needed extension of the city limits was possible in only one direction towards the north. The Image represents the growth of mumbai throughout the years. In it we can see that the expansion of the city happened mainly northwards..

[Audio] The need for a new city emerged with many reasons. Since the colonial time, Mumbai were directed at citifying but it flourished until 50 years. The fast growth of Mumbai began when it became the largest port in India and rapid urban expansion created housing shortage and a proliferation of emergency accommodation. The center of Mumbai, now and then, is at the southern end of the peninsula, where commercial life developed and population density and land prices are highest. The extreme expansion of the urban area to one side of a fixed commercial center created Mumbai's major problems of long transport routes. This led to journeys which lasts for several hours for the people to get to work. All these led to a hike in the population of Mumbai from 1.5 million to 4.5 million in 1964. by 1984 it was predicted to be doubled the population..

[Audio] As early as 1964, Bombay municipality published the draft plan to deal with population growth for next two decades and invited the public comments and suggestions from the public. Charles Correa with his colleagues Pravina Mehta and Shiresh Patel proposed to the Mumbai city authorities that they should not expand any further northwards, but use an eastern site cut off by a sea bay for urban expansion, with the aim of establishing New Mumbai. The proposal was only accepted in 1970 by the government, when the eastern land of old town Mumbai got attention. In order to create a direct link with old center, large bridges were made, so that a new commercial center with a new urban structure can be developed. For this to happen, The City and Industrial Development Corporation ( CIDCO) was founded, and was lead by Charles Correa as chief architect from 1970 to 1974. Their aim was to settle at least four million people in New Mumbai, thus containing the spread of further emergency accommodation and creating enough new jobs. The image shows the new center and the proposed possible locations for new growth centers..

[Audio] Introducing Navi mumabi. Navi Mumbai - introduction.

[Audio] Navi Mumbai covers an area of 344 square kilometres and the twin city concept were developed by architect and urban designer Charles Correa and Pravina Mehta and Shirish Patel. The proposal was presented in 1964 for the construction of new growth centres across Bombay harbour on the mainland. The site that was finally chosen was across the harbor from Bombay island. It is a narrow piece of land bounded by the Western Ghat mountain ranges on the north, south and east, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Creating a better living space and setting up of mass transport systems were the two key aspects which were to be dealt with while planning. The image shows the proposed boundary of the new city Navi Mumbai..

concept.

[Audio] The concept for the city and the approach adopted while the planning of the new city led Navi Mumbai into a great success. A polycentric nodal pattern of development was adopted in order to avoid a Mumbai like situation of activity concentration caused by a mono-centric development model and also keeping the massive scale of the new city project. The polycentric approach is based on principle of decentralization. ' It avoids concentration of population, and activities in a particular area rather it works like ' bunch of grapes' and focused on decentralization and balance distribution of residential areas, job centers, wholesale markets, non polluting industries and population density and other activities in different nodes or areas of the city. The pattern ensured balanced land and even distribution of residential areas, job centres, wholesale markets, non-polluting industry and population density. The 12 self-contained nodal townships are strung along the mass rapid transport corridors, designed to minimise travel time and distance between nodes and neighbouring cities.

principles.

[Audio] The conceptual design of Navi Mumbai was developed at a height of modernism, The principles were Decentralization by the design of self sufficient townships ( nodes). Residential neighborhoods ( sectors) Single use zoning as opposed to traditional multiple use zoning. The total area of Navi Mumbai was divided into townships. Each township has several sectors. Many were residential in nature. Each node was planned to accommodate a range of some income groups. Ponds were created to accumulate excess run off. Each node is self-contained for 100,000 to 200,000 people. The nodes contain residential, commercial, infrastructure and recreational uses. At a larger scale, nodes share some common facilities such as water reservoirs and transport facilities. Navi Mumbai has the SEZ zone spread over an area of 2,140 Ha across 3 nodes of Navi Mumbai, Functioning as a deemed foreign territory..

[Audio] MRT CORRIDOR The structural plan of New Bombay: three linear spines arranged in a pinwheel around the CBD( Central Business District) at one end tied to the regional transport network at the other, anchoring the new city into the surrounding region. With developments ¡n road, rail, air and water transport, Navi Mumbai is fully equipped to cater the needs of the commuters. Part of this is the suburban trains that connect to 12 nodes to each other as well as to Mumbai..

[Audio] The linear pattern of Mumbai is better for a mass transport system because it creates a corridor of demand and thus an efficient bus system. The system grows with a series of sectors which pop up based on the growth of the specific locality, all mushroomed with bus lines. Thus it also helps in the development of the hinterlands. With the development of the MRT, there also comes an additional MRT which could help with the further development of the sectors. With the starting of a simple bus line, gradually a complex network of buses and trains can be built, transgressing the cost/ capacity constraints..

nodes.

[Audio] The city was divided into mainly two parts – north navi Mumbai and south navi Mumbai. These were then split into 12 nodal townships consisting airoli, …..

[Audio] Airoli Node Airoli is one of the good nodes developed in initial years by CIDCO( City and Industrial Development Corporation). It was taken up for development during 1983- 84. The main intention of its development to provide housing facilities to the people working. Airoli is located on northern tip of Navi Mumbai. This node has good connectivity with Mumbai through Mulund — Airoli bridge. It is also well connected with another city Thane through railway as well as by road. Ghansoli Node The development of this node was started around 1993, the focus was to provide affordable housing to the people working in the nearby industries. Located South of Airoli node. It is also well connected with another city Thane through railway as well as by road and with Mumbai through Mulund —Airoli bridge. Kopar Khairane Node It is adjacent to the industrial area and Vashi. Development of this node was started in 1986. Kopar Khairane is also known as extended suburb of the Vashi. The node is well connected by train as well as road. Located south to Ghansoli..

[Audio] Vashi Node Vashi was the first node taken up for development by CIDCO. Often it is called as King of NaviMumbai. Vashi is located just across the Thane creek bridge on the mainland. The development was started immediately after opening of Thane Creek Bridge in 1972. Vashi is the commercial hub of Navi Mumbai. Sanpada Node The combine development of Vashi-Sanpada node was started in 1972. The node is well connected by railway and road. Sanpada is coming up as better place for business expansion. Nerul Node Nerul ¡s the second best developed node after Vashi. It is often called as queen of Navi Mumbai. The node is predominantly residential node. The node was taken up for development in 1981. CBD Belapur Node This node is located in the heart of the city, so planners decided to make the ' Central Business District' of the city in this node. The north side is exclusively planned for residential use whereas south side is planned for commercial/ mercantile/ office uses..

[Audio] Kharghar and taloja Node Kharghar is the futuristic node of Navi Mumbai it was started developing around 1988- 89. One of the most artistically-designed nodes of Navi Mumbai, with novel concepts, ideas and system forming the cornerstone of the nodes development. It often termed as Model Township of the city. Kalamboli and Kamothe Node Kalamboli is one of the busiest nodes in Navi Mumbai. Kamothe is one of the developing nodes of Navi Mumbai. It was started developing in 2000. CIDCO have started developing steel market and warehousing complex by 1979- 80 and residential complex by 1982. This node is also part of Navi Mumbai Special Economic Zone. New Panvel Node This is also one of the developing nodes of Navi Mumbai. Development of this node was started in 1975- 76. Panvel is an important railway station on Konkan Railway. This node ¡s still maintained and managed by CIDCO..

[Audio] Ulwe Ulwe node is located on south of CBD Belapur across the creek. Development of this node is already started. This node is part of Navi Mumbai Special Economic Zone and ¡s adjacent to proposed Navi Mumbai International Airport. Ulwe is upcoming node of Navi Mumbai and its information till 2010 is not reported. Drona girl Node Dronagiri node ¡s the largest node planned by CIDCO Due to its topography ¡ t is very difficult to develop this node. Its proximity to the port makes it ideal for port-based industries. Development of this node was started after 1989. This node s maintained by CIDCO.

Typical neighbourhood.

[Audio] Structure of housing and neighbourhoods and maidan areas was also considered. This shows how the public transport is used to open up land, making its accessible in desired quantities and locations. The open green areas and maidans(play grounds) are kept central to neighborhood with a zone for cottage and other small scale industries on either side of the railway line..