[Virtual Presenter] The Chaldean Dynasty, also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, emerged in 626 B-C-E when Nabopolassar founded it, and it thrived until 539 B-C-E--. We will now delve into its ascent and accomplishments.. 

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Presented by- Mst. Mymuna Rahman Mim ID: 242111040 Dept. of Sociology, Varendra University

Presented to- Md Bokul Hossain Lecturer,  Dept. of Sociology, Varendra University

[Audio] The Chaldean Dynasty, also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, was founded by Nabopolassar in 626 B-C-E--. This marked the beginning of a new era in Mesopotamian history. The dynasty overthrew Assyrian rule and established Babylon as its center, with a time period spanning from 626 B-C-E to 539 B-C-E--. During this period, the empire flourished under the leadership of Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled from 605 to 562 B-C-E--. The Chaldeans made significant advancements in various fields, including astronomy, architecture, and governance.. 

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Also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Founded by Nabopolassar in 626 BCE. Overthrew Assyrian rule and established Babylon as the center of the empire Time Period: 626 BCE – 539 BCE, with the peak under Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE). Known for advancements in astronomy, architecture, and governance.

[Audio] The Assyrian Empire, already weakened by internal conflicts and external pressures, provided the perfect opportunity for Nabopolassar, a Chaldean leader, to seize power. In 626 B-C-E--, he launched a successful revolt against the Assyrians, marking the beginning of the Chaldean Dynasty. To further his cause, Nabopolassar formed an alliance with the Medes, who shared his goal of overthrowing the Assyrian Empire. Together, they marched on the Assyrian capital, Nineveh, and destroyed it in 612 B-C-E--. With the Assyrian Empire defeated, Nabopolassar established Babylon as the capital of a new Mesopotamian empire, paving the way for the rise of the Chaldean Dynasty.. 

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How the Chaldean Dynasty Came to Power
 The Assyrian Empire was weakened by internal strife and invasions. Nabopolassar, a Chaldean leader, revolted against Assyria in 626 BCE. Allied with the Medes to capture and destroy the Assyrian capital, Nineveh, in 612 BCE. Established Babylon as the capital of a new Mesopotamian empire.

[Audio] Nebuchadnezzar II, one of the greatest rulers of the Chaldean Dynasty, expanded the empire during his reign from 605 to 562 B-C-E--, conquering territories that included modern-day Syria, Israel, and parts of Egypt. His architectural achievements are renowned, including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built for his wife Amytis, symbolizing paradise. The Ishtar Gate, adorned with blue glazed bricks and depictions of gods, served as a grand entrance to Babylon. Additionally, the Ziggurat of Etemenanki, possibly the inspiration for the Tower of Babel, was constructed during this period. Furthermore, Nebuchadnezzar 2 led the conquest of Jerusalem in 586 B-C-E--, resulting in the Babylonian Exile of the Jews.. 

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Reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE)
 Expanded the empire to include modern-day Syria, Israel, and parts of Egypt.
 Famous Projects: Hanging Gardens of Babylon: Built for his wife, Amytis, symbolizing paradise. Ishtar Gate: A grand entrance to Babylon, adorned with blue glazed bricks and depictions of gods. Ziggurat of Etemenanki: The possible inspiration for the Tower of Babel. Conquered Jerusalem in 586 BCE, leading to the Babylonian Exile of the Jews.

Scientific and Cultural Achievements. Astronomy and Mathematics: Developed advanced methods for tracking celestial movements. Created accurate calendars based on lunar cycles. Recorded positions of planets and predicted eclipses.. 

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Astronomy and Mathematics:
 Developed advanced methods for tracking celestial movements. Created accurate calendars based on lunar cycles.  Recorded positions of planets and predicted eclipses.

Architecture:
 Reconstructed Babylon as one of the most advanced cities of its time. Introduced colorful glazed bricks and monumental gates

Legal And Administrative Systems:
 Strengthen Babylons governance and trade networks

[Audio] After the death of Nebuchadnezzar 2 in 562 B-C-E--, the Chaldean Dynasty started declining. His successors lacked the strength and ability to maintain the empire's stability, which led to internal power struggles and revolts that further weakened Babylon. Eventually, the Persian Empire, led by Cyrus the Great, conquered Babylon without much resistance in 539 B-C-E--, marking the end of Mesopotamian independence and the rise of the Achaemenid Empire.. 

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Decline began after Nebuchadnezzar II's death in 562 BCE. Successors were weak and unable to maintain the empire's stability. Internal power struggles and revolts weakened Babylon.

Conquest by Cyrus the Great (539 BCE):
 The Persian Empire captured Babylon without much resistance. Marked the end of Mesopotamian independence and the rise of the Achaemenid Empire.

Figure: Conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great

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Mymuna Rahman Mim, ID 242111040

The Chaldean Dynasty, also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, was founded by Nabopolassar in 626 B-C-E--. This marked the beginning of a new era in Mesopotamian history. The dynasty overthrew Assyrian rule and established Babylon as its center, with a time period spanning from 626 B-C-E to 539 B-C-E--. During this period, the empire flourished under the leadership of Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled from 605 to 562 B-C-E--. The Chaldeans made significant advancements in various fields, including astronomy, architecture, and governance.

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The Assyrian Empire, already weakened by internal conflicts and external pressures, provided the perfect opportunity for Nabopolassar, a Chaldean leader, to seize power. In 626 B-C-E--, he launched a successful revolt against the Assyrians, marking the beginning of the Chaldean Dynasty. To further his cause, Nabopolassar formed an alliance with the Medes, who shared his goal of overthrowing the Assyrian Empire. Together, they marched on the Assyrian capital, Nineveh, and destroyed it in 612 B-C-E--. With the Assyrian Empire defeated, Nabopolassar established Babylon as the capital of a new Mesopotamian empire, paving the way for the rise of the Chaldean Dynasty.

Nebuchadnezzar II, one of the greatest rulers of the Chaldean Dynasty, expanded the empire during his reign from 605 to 562 B-C-E--, conquering territories that included modern-day Syria, Israel, and parts of Egypt. His architectural achievements are renowned, including the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, built for his wife Amytis, symbolizing paradise. The Ishtar Gate, adorned with blue glazed bricks and depictions of gods, served as a grand entrance to Babylon. Additionally, the Ziggurat of Etemenanki, possibly the inspiration for the Tower of Babel, was constructed during this period. Furthermore, Nebuchadnezzar 2 led the conquest of Jerusalem in 586 B-C-E--, resulting in the Babylonian Exile of the Jews.

After the death of Nebuchadnezzar 2 in 562 B-C-E--, the Chaldean Dynasty started declining. His successors lacked the strength and ability to maintain the empire's stability, which led to internal power struggles and revolts that further weakened Babylon. Eventually, the Persian Empire, led by Cyrus the Great, conquered Babylon without much resistance in 539 B-C-E--, marking the end of Mesopotamian independence and the rise of the Achaemenid Empire.