. . MODERN ERA. GROUP 8
MEMBERS: Gabagat, Ma. Hannah T.. 

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. . TOPICS. 1.MATHEMATICS, ASTRONOMY, ASTROLOGY. 2.CALENDAR SYSTEM, TIME TRACKING. 

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. . INTRODUCTION. Early modern period. Early Modern Period (late 1400s–1800s). 

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. . MEDICINE, SCIENCE. . . • a chemist and microbiologist from France, was one of the founders of medical microbiology. • Pasteur was sure that pathogens attack the body from the outside and later thought of the germ theory of disease • developed a technique for pasteurizing liquids • Developed vaccines for rabies, anthrax • after investigating an epidemic among silkworms, determined that parasites were the cause. 

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• a chemist and microbiologist from
France, was one of the founders of
medical microbiology.
• Pasteur was sure that pathogens
attack the body from the outside and
later thought of the germ theory of
disease
• developed a technique for
pasteurizing liquids
• Developed vaccines for rabies,
anthrax
• after investigating an epidemic among
silkworms, determined that parasites
were the cause

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. . 1842: Crawford Long was the first doctor to give a patient inhale ether anesthesia for a surgical procedure. 1818: James Blundell, a British performed the first successful blood transfusion on a patient who had hemorrhaged. 1816: Rene Laennec, invented the stethoscope and pioneered its use in the diagnosis of chest infections. 1890: Emil von Behring discovered antitoxins and used them to develop vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus. He later received the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 1895: Wilhelm Conrad Béntgen discovered X-rays by producing and detecting electromagnetic radiation in this wavelength range.. 

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1842: Crawford Long was the first doctor to give a patient inhale
ether anesthesia for a surgical procedure.
1818: James Blundell, a British performed the first successful blood
transfusion on a patient who had hemorrhaged.
1816: Rene Laennec, invented the stethoscope and pioneered its
use in the diagnosis of chest infections.
1890: Emil von Behring discovered antitoxins and used them to
develop vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus. He later received the
first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
1895: Wilhelm Conrad Béntgen discovered X-rays by producing and
detecting electromagnetic radiation in this wavelength range.

. . 20th century 1954 Joseph Murray carried out the human kidney transplant 1959 Min Chueh Chang carried out the in vitro fertilization (IVF) that later led to the first "test tube baby" 1967 Christiaan Barnard ærried out the first human-to-human heart transplant 1979 George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion made important breakthroughs with antiviral medications, pioneering work led to the development of azidothymidine (AZT), an HIV drug. Rune Elmqvist developed the first implantable pacemaker and the first inkjet ECG printer 1958 Thomas Starzl performed the first human liver transplant while James Hardy carried out the first human lung transplant 1963 Raymond Vahan Damadian discovered the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while Godfrey Hounsfield, presented the computed tomography (CT) scan machine that he had 1971 o. 

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20th century
1954
Joseph Murray carried out the
human kidney transplant
1959
Min Chueh Chang carried out the
in vitro fertilization (IVF) that
later led to the first "test tube
baby"
1967
Christiaan Barnard ærried out
the first human-to-human heart
transplant
1979
George Hitchings and Gertrude
Elion made important
breakthroughs with antiviral
medications, pioneering work led
to the development of
azidothymidine (AZT),
an HIV drug.
Rune Elmqvist developed the first
implantable pacemaker and the
first inkjet ECG printer
1958
Thomas Starzl performed the first
human liver transplant while
James Hardy carried out the first
human lung transplant
1963
Raymond Vahan Damadian
discovered the use of magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) while
Godfrey Hounsfield, presented the
computed tomography (CT) scan
machine that he had
1971
o

. . Modern Era • 1985: Sir Alec John Jeffreys developed the techniques for DNA fingerprinting and profiling that forensic departments now use worldwide. These techniques also resolve problems not relating to crime, such as paternity disputes. • 1986: Eli Lilly launched fluoxetine (Prozac), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class antidepressant that doctors prescribe for several mental health problems. • 2001: Kenneth Matsumura created the first bio- artificial liver • 2005: Jean-Michel Dubernard carried out a partial face transplant on a woman whose face became disfigured as a result of a dog attack. • 2010: Spanish doctors carried out a full-face transplant on a man who had been in a shooting accident. Present: Stem cell therapy - Scientists are working on • making human tissue and even whole organs from stem cells. This technique could one day help in treatments ranging from wound healing to prosthetics and replacement livers. Present: Coronavirus vaccine due to the pandemic •. 

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Modern Era
• 1985: Sir Alec John Jeffreys developed the techniques
for DNA fingerprinting and profiling that forensic
departments now use worldwide. These techniques
also resolve problems not relating to crime, such as
paternity disputes.
• 1986: Eli Lilly launched fluoxetine (Prozac), a
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class
antidepressant that doctors prescribe for several
mental health problems.
• 2001: Kenneth Matsumura created the first bio-
artificial liver
• 2005: Jean-Michel Dubernard carried out a partial face
transplant on a woman whose face became disfigured
as a result of a dog attack.
• 2010: Spanish doctors carried out a full-face transplant
on a man who had been in a shooting accident.
Present: Stem cell therapy - Scientists are working on
•
making human tissue and even whole organs from
stem cells. This technique could one day help in
treatments ranging from wound healing to prosthetics
and replacement livers.
Present: Coronavirus vaccine due to the pandemic
•

. . AGRICULTURE. Modern agricultural systems have been developed with two related goals in mind:. 

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Modern agricultural systems have been developed with two related goals 
in mind:

2.
to get the highest economic profit possible

. . Six basic practices. 1.
intensive tillage. . . 

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. . Six basic practices. 4. Irrigation
5. chemical pest control. 

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. . Engineering 831 - The Electric Dynamo — T invention of the electric dynamo by Michael Faraday apened up the practical use of electricity — from transport to power tools and home appliances. 1877 - Phonograph — Thomas Edison found that sound could be captured and replayed using a rotating cylinder covered with paraffin paper and a stylus. 1860s - Computer — Charles Babbage's analytic engine is often seen as the forerunner the modern computer. -Lightbulb —Througho the 19th century, inventors produced simple electric lights. Joseph Swan produced a simple electric light but struggled to maintain a power source. It was Thomas Edison who made the lightbulb into a practical low current version. 1869 - Plastic — Developed by John Wesley Hyatt. He was looking for a cheap substitute to ivory billiard balls. Hyatt combined cellulose nitrate and mphor to produce a versatile material — celluloid. 1898 - Motor Car- By 1898 the German engineer Karl Benz produced the first modern automobile using a patented internal combustion engine. 1876 Telephone — The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Teaching by day, he spent many hours of his spare time, developing a form of telephone. 1888 — Camera — Louis Daguerre made a breakthrough with a camera which took imprints to be developed by chemicals. In 1888, George Eastman developed the first small Kodak box camera. 1903 -Aeroplane —The Wright brothers piloted the first successful heavier than air aeroplane on Dec 17th, 1903.. 

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Engineering
831 - The Electric Dynamo — T
invention of the electric dynamo
by Michael Faraday apened up
the practical use of electricity —
from transport to power tools
and home appliances.
1877 - Phonograph — Thomas
Edison found that sound could be
captured and replayed using a
rotating cylinder covered with
paraffin paper and a stylus.
1860s - Computer — Charles
Babbage's analytic engine is
often seen as the forerunner
the modern computer.
-Lightbulb —Througho the
19th century, inventors produced
simple electric lights. Joseph Swan
produced a simple electric light but
struggled to maintain a power
source. It was Thomas Edison who
made the lightbulb into a practical
low current version.
1869 - Plastic — Developed by
John Wesley Hyatt. He was
looking for a cheap substitute to
ivory billiard balls. Hyatt
combined cellulose nitrate and
mphor to produce a
versatile material — celluloid.
1898 - Motor Car- By 1898 the
German engineer Karl Benz
produced the first modern
automobile using a patented
internal combustion engine.
1876 Telephone — The telephone
was invented in 1876 by
Alexander Graham Bell. Teaching
by day, he spent many hours of
his spare time, developing a form
of telephone.
1888 — Camera — Louis Daguerre
made a breakthrough with a
camera which took imprints to be
developed by chemicals. In 1888,
George Eastman developed the
first small Kodak box camera.
1903 -Aeroplane —The
Wright brothers piloted
the first successful heavier
than air aeroplane on Dec
17th, 1903.

. . Architecture The first wire-cable suspension bridge, the 407 ft (124 m) long Spider Bridge at Falls of Schuylkill in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, constructed by Erskine Hazard & Josiah White, opened in 1816. The first major glass building in the world, the Great Conservatory in Chatsworth, England, designed by Joseph Paxton, constructed between 1836 and 1840. It was 227 ft (69.2 m) long, 123 ft (37.5 m) wide and 67 ft (20.4 m) high. The glass house wasn't heated during WWI, and the plants died. The place was demolished in the early 1920s. The first iron-reinforced concrete structure, a four-story house in the northern suburbs of Paris, France, designed by Theodore Lachez, built by Francois Coignet • The 138 ft (42 m) high Home Insurance Building in Chicago, the first skyscraper and the first to use structural steel in its frame, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, completed in 1884. The world's first reinforced concrete skyscraper, the 15-story Ingalls Building in • Cincinnati, Ohio, designed by Elzner & Anderson and built in 1903. The first building heated primarily by solar energy: the MIT Solar House #1, built in • 1939 on the MIT campus, designed by a team led by Hoyt C. Hottel. The first commercial building with the system was the Solar Building in Albuquerque, New Mexico, built in 1956, designed by Frank Bridgers and Donald Paxton.. 

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Architecture
The first wire-cable suspension bridge, the 407 ft (124 m) long Spider Bridge at Falls
of Schuylkill in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, constructed by Erskine Hazard & Josiah
White, opened in 1816.
The first major glass building in the world, the Great Conservatory in Chatsworth,
England, designed by Joseph Paxton, constructed between 1836 and 1840. It was
227 ft (69.2 m) long, 123 ft (37.5 m) wide and 67 ft (20.4 m) high. The glass house
wasn't heated during WWI, and the plants died. The place was demolished in the
early 1920s.
The first iron-reinforced concrete structure, a four-story house in the northern
suburbs of Paris, France, designed by Theodore Lachez, built by Francois Coignet
• The 138 ft (42 m) high Home Insurance Building in Chicago, the first skyscraper and
the first to use structural steel in its frame, designed by William Le Baron Jenney,
completed in 1884.
The world's first reinforced concrete skyscraper, the 15-story Ingalls Building in
•
Cincinnati, Ohio, designed by Elzner & Anderson and built in 1903.
The first building heated primarily by solar energy: the MIT Solar House #1, built in
•
1939 on the MIT campus, designed by a team led by Hoyt C. Hottel. The first
commercial building with the system was the Solar Building in Albuquerque, New
Mexico, built in 1956, designed by Frank Bridgers and Donald Paxton.