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Division of  somatic  cells (non-reproductive cells) in  eukaryotic organisms . A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Daughter cells have same number of chromosomes as does parent cell.

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When the cell is not dividing…  DNA molecules are in extended, uncondensed form  =   chromatin Cell can only replicate and  transcribe DNA when it is in the extended state. When the cell is preparing for division…   DNA  molecules condense to form  chromosomes  prior to division. each chromosome is a single molecule of DNA easier to sort and organize the  replicated DNA  into daughter cells

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1 st  – Prophase 2nd – Metaphase 3rd – Anaphase 4th –  Telophase   followed by Cytokinesis

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Three Major Events chromosomes condense spindle  fibers form (spindle fibers are  specialized microtubules  radiating out from centrioles) chromosomes  are captured by spindle

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chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, with one chromatid facing each pole

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sister chromatids  separate spindle fibers attached to kinetochores  shorten  and  pull  chromatids towards the poles. free spindle fibers  lengthen  and  push  the poles of the cell apart

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spindle fibers disintegrate nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes chromosomes revert to their extended state cytokinesis occurs, enclosing each daughter nucleus into a separate cell

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