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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF MIXED LIGAND COPPER(II) COMPLEXES.

INTRODUCTION. What are antimicrobial agents?. An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth or prevents their development. These drugs are used to prevent the pathogenicity of microorganisms..

Why Use Metal Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents. Metal ions or metal ion binding components play important roles in biological processes, and their rational design could be used to develop new therapeutic drugs or diagnostic probes. The fact that metal atoms easily lose electrons and form positively charged ions makes them soluble in biological fluids. Due to their electron deficiency, they can readily interact with electron-rich bio molecules such as DNA or proteins, and therefore participate either in a catalytic mechanism or in the stabilization/determination of their tertiary or quaternary structures. Depending on the type of metal ion coordination complexes. They offer a wide range of oxidation states, coordination numbers and geometries, leading to a virtually unlimited number of structures and conformations This project is intended to study COPPER (metal complex) as a Antimicrobial Agent with Ligands 1.10 phenoptholine , Acetyle acetone and Picolinic Acid..

Why is COPPER a good ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT ........? Copper is an essential trace mineral necessary for survival. It is found in all body tissues and plays a role in making red blood cells and maintaining nerve cells and the immune system . It also helps the body form collagen and absorb iron, and plays a role in energy production. Copper damages the respiratory chain in Escherichia coli cells. and is associated with impaired cellular metabolism. Faster corrosion correlates with faster inactivation of microorganisms. This may be due to increased availability of cupric ion, Cu2+, which is believed to be responsible for the antimicrobial action ..

Coordination compounds are complexes that consist of one or more central atoms or ions which are METALS (Lewis Acid) with one or more attached molecules called LIGANDS (Lewis Base) . Total number of attachments between metal and ligands is the COORDINATION NUMBER . They are molecules that posses one or multiple metal centres that is bound to ligands (atoms, ions, or molecules). Molecules or ions surrounding the central metal ion are called ligands. LIGANDS are ELECTRON DONORS.

Classification of Li ands: On the basis of charge Negative ligands Nto;. OH-. 02- Positive ligands No;, NO'. N2Ht• Neutral ligands Hi:i. NH,. co. NH20H, CH,ÆH2 Ligands On the basis Of number of donor sites Monodentate : Only one donor site e.g.. E-120. N Hs Bidentate : Two donor sites e.g., (coo-h. (Oxalato) I Polydentate : More than two donor sites e.g.. EDTA (Hexadentate) On the basis of bonding Chelating ligands : A bidentate or polydentate ligand which forms more than one coordinate bonds in such a way that a ring is formed. CH.-NH: CFL—NH: ( Ethylenediamine) Ambidentate ligands : Monodentate ligand which contains more than one coordinating atom (or donor atom). M NCS M NC.

Monodentate Bidentate Polydentate —c—ö: —N H2ö: Water :NH3 Ammonia H C—CH2 Fluoride ion Chloride ion N. .N Bipyridine (bipy) Cyanide ion Thicxyanate ion Hydroxide ion Nitrite ion 2— .N Ortho-phenanthroline (o-phen) :o: II :o: .ö: Carbonate ion 2- c—c 1-12?! Ethylenediamine (en) :ö. .ö: Oxalate ion :o: H C CH2 CHECH2 H N > ¯ NN(I Diethylenetriamine :o: II :o: :Ö—P—Ö—P—Ö—P—Ö :o: :o: :o: Triphosphate ion CH2 II II :o: Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA4¯).

SYNTHESIS OF COPPER (II) COMPLEXES. [Cu(II) (Phen) (Picolinate)].

Apparatus Used:. Round Bottom Flask. Beaker 40mL.

Experiment 1 ( with Ligand C12H8N2 1,10-Phenopthroline and Acetyleacetone ) Chemical used.......

Procedure (Experiment 1) Material .... Weigh 200 mg Cu(NO3)2 Weigh 149.18 mg 1,10 Phenanthroline Take 85 micro litre of Acetylacetone Step 1: To solution of 1,10 Phenanthroline and acetyle acetone in methanol add Cu(NO3)2 + 0.5 mmol Na2CO3 Step 2: Place a clean needle in the flask. Step 3: Wash the condenser of OIL BATH thoroughly Step 4: After this attach a round bottom flask to the condenser in the OIL BATH Step 5: Heat the mixture in OIL BATH for 3 hrs at 100 deg.C After reflux , collect the crystals formed after 3 days in a capsule for- Spectroscopic analysis.

Experiment 2 ( with Ligand 1,10-Phenopthroline and Picolinic Acid Chemicals Used.....

Procedure (Experiment 1) Material .... Weigh 200 mg Cu(NO3)2 Weigh 149.18 mg 1,10 Phenanthroline Take 101.99 mg of 2-Picolinic acid Step 1: To solution of 1,10 Phenanthroline and picolinic acid in methanol add Cu(NO3)2 + 0.5 mmol Na2CO3 Step 2: Place a clean needle in the flask. Step 3: Wash the condenser of OIL BATH thoroughly Step 4: After this attach a round bottom flask to the condenser in the OIL BATH Step 5: Heat the mixture in OIL BATH for 3 hrs at 100 deg.C After reflux , collect the crystals formed after 3 days in a capsule for- Spectroscopic analysis.

In this method Promotion of electrons to higher energy level through irradiation of molecule with UV light. It provides information and the presence of double and triple bonds..

CONCLUSION. We have successfully synthesized copper complexes by using 1,10-phenanthroline, acetylacetone , picolinic acid. Expt 1 Expt2 We will be using Ultraviolet, Infrared, Mass spectroscopic techniques for the characterization of these complexes.