MergeResult_2023_07_08_01_15_26

[Audio] slides Good morning everyone and thank you for joining us. Today, we will be discussing the company's distributed antenna system and Booster District Amplifier (BDA). We will also be explaining the installation steps, safety instructions, and working principle of the BDA. Let's get started..

1. Table of contents. INTRODUCTION. BDA Working Principle.

[Audio] This slide discusses different types of distributed antenna systems used to strengthen signal coverage in tunnels and stations. These systems generally consist of coaxial cables placed on tunnel walls or ceilings and on platforms. These cables act as a leaky feeder and generate a distributed signal within the tunnel or station. The input signal is usually sourced from an existing TETRA BTS or BDA. The signal requirements for these three levels are distinct and intricate. At Passage level, the signal must reach areas not covered by the BDA. At Platform level, the signal must be steady while the train is in the station. Finally, at the Undercroft level, the signal needs to be accessible to allow staff to complete necessary tasks..

[Audio] A Distributed Antenna System is a frequent configuration in the telecom industry to ensure consistent coverage. It is made up of many low power antennas which are distributed throughout the space and linked to a Telecomm Equipment Room (TER). The TER contains the radio sources for the system. From the TER, the power is then spread through the DAS to each floor. For areas like a tunnel, a Leaky Coaxial Cable may be used instead in order to provide signal throughout the space without the need to install multiple cables..

SCHEMATIC. A diagram of a machine Description automatically generated with medium confidence.

[Audio] It is essential to ensure safety when dealing with this system. Prior to switching it on, make sure the equipment is connected to an antenna or load. Likewise, the VSWR of the antenna should not exceed 1.5, and the yellow-green wire of the ground connection should be correctly attached to the building's ground structure. Further, anti electric shock and anti lightning strike protective measures should be implemented. Warning signs should also be put up near the system for extra caution. Additionally, the backup lithium battery and equipment power supply module should be disconnected during debugging or system updates..

[Audio] A BDA, or booster station, is used to increase the power of both uplink and downlink signals. The downlink signal travels after transmission through the BDA's base station side duplexer and is then strengthened by a Low Noise Amplifier and attenuator. The signal is subsequently passed through the mobile station's side duplexer before it is sent out via a service antenna. Uplink works with a similar process..

[Audio] A close-up of the Booster Distributed Antenna Station (BDA) is presented in this slide. This device is essential for augmenting the signals in a distributed antenna system, both for uploads and downloads. Furthermore, the illustration BD-A presents an approximate design of this apparatus. Gaining insight into the installation steps, safety instructions, and operating principles of the BDA will be based on this information..

[Audio] In a wireless repeater installation, location selection is a critical step. Isolation between the repeater's service and donor antennas is essential in order for the signal received by the donor antenna from the service antenna to be weak compared to other signals. This is necessary to prevent the repeater from causing interference and disrupting the base station's functioning, and the isolation must be greater than the repeater's amplification power..

[Audio] Gain of a repeater is a major aspect in its performance. Isolating the donor antenna and service antenna is essential for achieving success. In order to prevent self-excitation and interference, the gain should be at least 15dB greater than the repeater's total gain. The landscape of the installation location has a major influence on the isolation. Consequently, it is important to choose the right location for the repeater for proper functioning. In this discussion, we will be exploring this point further..

[Audio] The receiving signal level of a distributed antenna system and BDA (booster station) is determined by a number of factors. The equation used to calculate the required receiving field intensity is L0=32.45 + 20log f + 20log d and Lm = 69.55 + 26.16log f -13.82log hb – a (hm) + [44.9 - 6.55lghb] log d. When installing a repeater, it is essential to meet the required signal requirements. The minimum receiving signal level to be achieved is Rx min> - 69dBm, which is equal to P max – G max – G ant..

[Audio] When installing a BDA in an outdoor environment, location of the antenna should be taken into account. The BDA should be situated between the donor BS and the blind area, thereby ensuring a minimum 90-degree angle between the donor and the service antenna, especially when they are in the same direction. This will assist in maximizing signal strength and range..

[Audio] A distributed antenna system is required to achieve optimal coverage. This system consists of multiple antennas connected to a single radio source, which enables signal transmission over a wider area. Additionally, a booster station or BDA can be installed to amplify the signal further. When setting up the BDA, it is essential to follow safety guidelines and have a good understanding of its operation..

By utilizing the reflective properties of the environment, such as buildings and other structures, the signals can overcome the limitations posed by transmission through the front buildings. This allows for a more effective and reliable signal coverage in dense residential areas where direct transmission might be hindered by obstacles..

[Audio] The recommended back-to-back horizontal distance for a BDA installation should be 25 meters, in order to achieve a minimum signal intensity of -69dBm. For optimum signal quality and performance, the donor antenna should be placed opposite and parallel to the service antenna, with no obstacles between the two..

[Audio] When installing a distributed antenna system, one must consider a scenario in which two antennas are transmitting in reverse directions with a straight line connecting them perpendicular to the one connecting the base station and blind area. In such a configuration, it can be difficult to achieve a repeater gain that is 15dB lower than the isolation. To address this concern, small houses can be used as isolation barriers between the two antennas. When the structure is made of armored concrete and the receiving signal level is satisfactory, the donor antenna should be placed as near as possible to the building. In the case of brick or other material buildings, the required isolation can be achieved by widening the space between the antennas and leveraging the buildings as barriers. Additionally, a platform on the tower can be incorporated as an isolation barrier when possible. This will allow the antennas to be mounted on the platform and lower down the tower. This arrangement supplies the flexibility to meet the isolation specifications based on the structure and its environment’s characteristics..

[Audio] To have a successful installation of the BDA, it is important to have the necessary tools and instruments ready, which include cable cutter, diagonal cutter, connectors, stripper, crimping tool, voltage meter, drill, copper tapes, and bolts..

Installation Accessories. A picture containing text screenshot number font Description automatically generated.

BDA System Installation. Power Supply AC  220 volt ±10%, 45~55Hz.

[Audio] Repeater Ports offer a variety of purposes. They extend cellular signals to areas typically difficult to reach with antenna systems, boosting data transfer speed in congested regions for more reliable performance, as well as aiding in signal quality and reducing interference from external sources..

[Audio] It is important to mount your BDA securely on the wall in order to maximize its performance. Placement should be at a suitable height and in accordance with the installation guide. Wall mounting the BDA not only reduces the risk of damage or malfunction, but also allows for better signal reception across a greater coverage area..

[Audio] The OMT Operation is a critical step in properly installing and maintaining a Booster Station. Debugging the Repeater is an important process in evaluating the smooth operation of a BDA. This involves checking for any potential problems and resolving them quickly and efficiently to ensure the network is operating optimally. It is important to inspect the physical connections and parameters of the device during debugging in order to ensure proper installation. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the Repeater is properly tested and approved by the manufacturer's representative before implementing it into the network. By doing so, the highest standards of safety and performance can be maintained..

[Audio] A picture on this slide displays text, font, a receipt, and algebra. The text indicates that a signal amplifier system is distributed in multiple locations and easy to install and use. The receipt indicates the system's financial soundness. The algebra verifies the system will enhance both uplink and downlink signals. Consequently, this system is an ideal option for any company's wired communication needs..

[Audio] Proper maintenance and troubleshooting of the Booster Distribution Amplifier (BDA) is essential. Check the equipment earthing for adequate power, and ensure mounting is secure. Make sure that the input signal level to the BDA is correct. In case of any deterioration, the condition of the donor antenna and the feeder cable should be inspected. Parameters settings and alarms on the Operation and Maintenance Terminal should also be reviewed for proper BDA functioning..

[Audio] Recently, Jaipur Metro deployed a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) with Low Complexity eXtended (LCX) Operations & Maintenance (O&M). This system is noteworthy as it boosts both Upload and Download signals for maximum coverage in high rise buildings as well. It is highly accurate during installation and follows safety protocols to the letter. Its working process is easy to comprehend, making maintenance a breeze..

[Audio] DAS is a network of antennae connected to a transport medium such as coaxial or fibre-optic cable. It extends wireless service within a building or structure and boosts two way radio signals in a secure and effective way. With a DAS, wireless telecom carriers can receive a high quality signal, eliminating dropped calls and enhancing call capacity. Furthermore, the DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a radio base station, or by an “off-air” repeater or signal booster..

[Audio] Leaky coaxial cable is a viable option for distributed antenna systems in hard to reach places. It has been used in tunnels, mines and large structures where signals can not be transmitted efficiently by natural means. Such a system consists of one base station, a bi-directional amplifier, and a leaky coaxial cable that provides for two-way communication between mobile units. Placing the base station in the middle of the cable significantly increases the range the signal can be transmitted compared to a system where there is just one end connected..

[Audio] The Leaky Coaxial Cable is a crucial element in the Booster Station and Distributed Antenna System, used to provide signal to the receiver ensuring maximum performance and reach. The equation that expresses the relationship between the parameters involved in a leaky feeder system is System Loss = Line Loss + Coupling Loss. System Loss is the ratio between the output power of the transmitter and the power at the receiver input terminal. Line Loss is the attenuation of the line between the base station and the point closest to the mobile device. Coupling Loss is the ratio between the power in the line at the closest point to the mobile device and the power at the antenna terminal of the mobile device..

[Audio] The slide shows the design of a distributed antenna system. A 3:1 combiner merges the signal from the Tetra BTS, Police BDA, and Fire BDA. This combined signal is sent to the DAS / LCX system for extended coverage. For extra protection against equipment failure, additional BDAs are placed close to the source. Outputs from the Boosters are hooked in parallel to a hybrid 2:1 combiner. In order to provide fire safety, LSZH type cables are implemented for the LCX cables and RF cables..

[Audio] This slide showcases the installation process for our Booster Station and Distributed Antenna System. It displays the components included and the essential steps needed for a successful set up. It is imperative to follow all the provided instructions to ensure the best performance. Correctly setting up the system will produce strong, dependable signals for the highest connection quality..

[Audio] This system is composed of two main elements: Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and Donor Antennas. BTS are communication stations that send and receive signals for TETRA, Police and Fire systems. Donor Antennas, which are external antennas fitted outside the underground station, capture signals from the BTS. Afterwards, these signals are transferred to the Bi-Directional Amplifiers (BDA). The BDA intensifies the incoming and outgoing signals, thus creating a dependable communication system. The combination of BTS, Donor Antennas and BDA builds a distributed antenna system which supplies unwavering coverage in underground locations..

[Audio] Bi-directional Amplifiers (BDAs) play a critical role in distributed antenna systems, increasing the uplink and downlink signals for improved network coverage. Signal amplification is provided by a passive distributed antenna system or leaky coaxial cable network, extending the signal to remote locations not within direct reach. Mobile stations (MS) supporting police, fire services and other approved personnel are connected to BDAs via RF feeder cables. This facilitates secure and consistent communication between user and system..

[Audio] RF feeder cable enables BDAs to amplify the uplink signals from the MS and transmit them back to the BTS. To make sure there's redundancy, two BDAs are planned per system. These outputs are combined using a 2:1 hybrid combiner and further combined in a 3:1 combiner specific to the frequency, referred to as a Triplexer. This allows for stronger signal levels. In order to protect BDAs and BTS from voltage spikes, surge arresters and DC blocks are put in the system. This guarantees the system can work safely and securely..

[Audio] To provide complete, thorough and secure radio coverage, a Distributed Antenna System or Leaky Cable network is connected to the combined signal of TETRA, Police and Fire. This network distributes the radio signals throughout tunnels or underground stations through interconnected antennas. To direct the signal traveling through the LCX cable in the desired direction, RF slots are cut on one side of the cable's outer conductor. To ensure correct orientation, the non-signal side of the cable has an indicator strip which should point the right way. To prevent interference, the non-signal side of the cable should be kept at least 10cm away from any wall or RF reflective surface. To hold the LCX cable in place, clamps are installed every 1 meter along the length of the cable..

[Audio] It is essential to maintain the assets of your system regularly in order to keep it operating properly and efficiently. An effective preventive maintenance plan can help safeguard your assets and extend the life of production machinery, lessening expenditure on replacements and hindering downtime of the system. By executing regular assessments and repairs, you can guarantee that any possible equipment malfunction is eliminated before it happens, improving system stability and preventing any related risks that could cause injury or other damage..

[Audio] Maintaining your distributed antenna system and BDA is an essential part of the process. Not many components are required, which is fortunate. Slide shows a list of passive components, which include surge arrestors, combiners, power splitters, directional couplers, RF coaxial cable and jumper cables, RF cable connectors, indoor omni antennas, DC blocks, and leaky coaxial cable. Having a reliable antenna system is essential for effective network deployment, so make sure you have these components..

[Audio] It is important to check all the passive components of a distributed antenna system regularly to make sure they are functioning properly. This includes doing a physical inspection for any damage, checking the RF cables for any bending or wear and tear, measuring the VSWR and return loss of the whole system, verifying all the connections, grounding and tapping of the system, examining the antenna area for any obstructions, and making sure all the labels are up to date. All of this helps to ensure that the system works as intended..

[Audio] Maintaining a successful LCX Cable System installation requires regular preventive maintenance. This includes inspecting the physical condition of the LCX cable for signs of excessive bending; measuring VSWR and return loss of the feeder system; verifying connections, DC blocks, grounding, and weather proofing on connectors; and checking the condition of the LCX supporting clamps and the sagging of the cable. Also, clearing any obstructions in front of the LCX cable and replacing any worn out labels helps to ensure a successful installation..

[Audio] Corrective maintenance is an essential part of maintaining a Distributed Antenna System, which involves identifying, isolating and fixing any faults in the system in order to restore it to an operational condition. Standard RF components with minimal failure rates may require component replacement to fix the fault. Evaluating fault causes and corrective procedures is imperative to ensure proper functioning and maintain a stable and reliable system..

[Audio] Distributed antenna system and BDA are complex engineering equipment, amplifying UL and DL signals for effective communication. Common faults that may affect the DAS system include feeder and connector damage, splitter and coupler faults, combiner faults, antenna damage and water leaks into the feeder. Accurate diagnosis is necessary to ensure efficient functioning of the system..

[Audio] A distributed antenna system's inadequate performance can be heavily detrimental and financially burdensome to an establishment, particularly with regard to their portable services. Coverage insufficiency, call disconnection, deficient quality, one-way conversations, unsatisfactory audio quality, errors in call connection, and data network failure are all ordinary issues that emerge in a DAS / LCX. All of these conjoin to fabricate a laborious user experience and can potentially harm an institution's standing..

[Audio] When it comes to troubleshooting distributed antenna systems and BDA booster stations, the checklist is simple yet extensive. Step a) requires checking the connections, verifying if there are any damages or malfunctions in the components and testing the VSWR; moreover, it is necessary to identify the problem areas and troubleshoot them with the combiners. Step b) involves following the same approach as in step a) but should also cross-check with the schematics and analyze back born power. For call drop or bad call quality issues, step c) entails checking connections, isolating no coverage areas, analyzing the RF parameters, optimizing them as necessary and testing the VSWR. Lastly, step d) reminds us to follow the same steps as in step c) and check for interference, C/I, SNIR and handover related issues..

[Audio] Identifying and troubleshooting underlying problems is essential for data connectivity issues. Make sure to check all connections, determine areas with no coverage, review RF parameters, optimize accordingly, and run a VSWR test. A VSWR test is a straightforward examination that provides substantial data about antenna connection. The test will reveal whether the signal is being transmitted and received properly and if the linkages are set up for maximum capability. With a first-rate distributed antenna system and BDA (booster station), you can make certain of having a dependable and safe connection..

[Audio] Testing the antenna and booster station is essential to guarantee the system works correctly. The Anritsu 331D Site Master testing equipment is recommended for VSWR testing in order to assess the quality and proper installation of passive components. To test active equipment, the power meter and EMS software are utilized and DTF mode is employed to find any malfunctions. Prior to continuing, exact calibration, cable connection and the proper termination and frequency must be guaranteed. Finally, sample test formats are given for noting the test results..

[Audio] VSWR Test Equipments are used on slide number 45 to detect any signal power losses or reflections at the antenna. They measure the input of a signal and compare it to its output to detect any impedance mismatch. This helps guarantee the accuracy and stability of antenna systems. Thank you..