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Dr. P. Pachaiyappan Professor GRT College of Education Tiruttani-631209.

[image] Types of memory Sensory Memory 1 sec) Human Memory Short-term Memory (Working Memory) Explicit Memory Declarative Memory (facts, everts) Long-term Memory (life-tine) Implicit Memory Procedural Memory tasks) Episodic Memory (everts. experiences) Semantic Memory (facts. concecns).

[image] Types of Memory in Psychology Memory encompasses a diverse range of functions, each serving its purpose in encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Episodic memory Semantic memory Procedural memory Short-term memory Sensory memory Prospective memory Implicit memory Explicit or Declarative memory • Recollection of specific events • General knowledge and facts • Recall of skills and tasks • Stores actively processed information temporarily • Briefly holds sensory information • Remembering to perform intended actions in the future • Unconscious recall that influences behavior • Conscious recall of facts.

Episodic Memory கடந்த கால நினைவு When a person recalls a particular event (or “episode”) experienced in the past, that is episodic memory. The examples of Episodic Memory are as follows: Your first day of school Your last birthday celebration A family vacation to the beach Attending a friend’s wedding Graduating from high school 2. Semantic Memory சொற்பொருள் நினைவு The examples of Semantic Memory are as follows: Knowing that Paris is the capital of France Understanding that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen Recalling that a triangle has three sides Remembering that the colour red signifies danger Knowing that the Earth orbits around the sun.

3. Procedural Memory செயல்முறை நினைவகம் The term describes long-term memory for how to do things, both physical and mental, and is involved in the process of learning skills—from the basic ones people take for granted to those that require considerable practice. The examples of Procedural Memory are as follows: Riding a bicycle Typing on a keyboard Tying shoelaces Playing a musical instrument Swimming 4. Short-term Memory குறுகிய கால நினைவாற்றல் The examples of Short-term Memory are as follows: Remembering a phone number just long enough to dial it. Recalling a shopping list while walking through the grocery store. Retaining a password while logging into an account. Holding a conversation and remembering the topic discussed a few minutes ago. Recalling the directions to a nearby location while driving..

5. Working Memory செயலாற்றல் நினைவு The examples of Working Memory are as follows: Following instructions while assembling furniture. Mentally calculating a tip while paying for a meal at a restaurant. Solving a math problem by holding intermediate steps in mind. Reading a passage and summarizing the main points without referring back to the text. Listening to a lecture and taking notes simultaneously. 6. Sensory Memory புலன் உணர்வு நினைவகம் The examples of Sensory Memory are as follows: Briefly remembering the sight of a passing car Recalling the sound of a door slamming shut Remembering the smell of freshly baked bread Feeling the sensation of warm sunlight on your skin Recollecting the taste of a delicious meal.

7. Implicit and Explicit memory Implicit and Explicit are both types of long-term memory. The information we store or remember unconsciously is called implicit memory, while the information we memorize consciously is known as explicit memory. The examples of Implicit Memory -வெளிப்படையான are as follows: Riding a bicycle without consciously recalling how Reacting with fear to a traumatic event without consciously recalling the details The examples of Explicit Memory-மறைமுக நினைவாற்றல் are as follows: Recalling the names of the U.S. presidents Remembering your childhood address Recalling the plot of a book you read last month.

1. Attention & Focus a. Minimize distractions Example: Study in a quiet room; put your phone on silent. b. Use active focus Example: While reading, highlight key points instead of passively scanning. 2. Repetition & Practice a. Spaced repetition Example: Review vocabulary on Day 1, Day 3, Day 7, Day 14. b. Retrieval practice Example: Close the book and try to recall what you just learned. 3. Organization Strategies a. Chunking Example: Remember a phone number as 123–456–7896 instead of 10 separate digits. b. Categorizing Example: Group grocery items into categories like fruits, dairy, grains. 4. Association Techniques a. Visualization Example: To remember "apple," imagine a giant shiny apple floating in the sky. b. Linking ideas Example: To remember a person named “Rose,” imagine them holding a rose..

5. Mnemonics a. Acronyms Example: HOMES for the Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). b. Rhymes & songs Example: "Thirty days hath September..." 6. Healthy Lifestyle Habits a. Sleep Example: Aim for 7–9 hours; review material before sleeping. b. Nutrition Example: Eat foods like nuts, blueberries and fish. c. Exercise Example: Take a 20-minute walk to improve focus and recall. 7. Emotional & Meaningful Learning a. Connect information to personal experiences Example: Link historical events to stories you already know. b. Use emotion Example: Attach a funny or dramatic mental image to something you want to remember. 8. Environmental & Tool-Based Aids a. Use planners or digital apps Example: Set reminders for deadlines or birthdays. b. Labeling Example: Label folders on your computer for easier recall. 9. Teaching Others a. Explain the concept Example: Teach a friend what you learned in class today. b. Summarize in your own words Example: After reading a chapter, write a short summary. 10. Reduce Cognitive Load a. Break tasks into smaller steps Example: Study one chapter at a time instead of the entire book. b. Avoid multitasking Example: Don’t switch between texting and studying..

[image] Follow the techniques; 1. Recitation and Practice- this practice will help to store the information in brain for a longer time. 2. Grouping and rhythm — any thing learned through grouping and in rhythmical pattern will be remember better. e.g. phone no. 564582 can be easily remembered when grouped as 56, 45, 82. 3.When recalling free the mind from fear and anxiety. 4.Have confidence in self and maintain positive attitude. 5.Don't fight with memory in recalling. Give time..

[image] 6.1nterests and attention influence memorization. 7 -Adopt proper methods of memorization. 8.Follow the principle of association. Eg. VIBGYOR=color 9.Utilize many senses to learn. 10.Maintain external (envt.) and internal factors (health). 11 .Proper Rest, Practice and Repetition. 12. Learning situation- Material learned under situation of peace and comfort will be retained more effectively. E.g.- comfortable sitting arrangements,.

[image] 7 5 Strategies for Improving Your Memory Try to match your method of studying with your best method for learning Visual learner? Read notes over and over Aural learner? — read aloud, listen to tapes of lecture Kinesthetic learner? — rewrite notes over and over (condensing as learn material) For most people some combination of the above works best.

[image] Specific Aids to Memory 1412 iY .8 4. .78 5 1, 2, 4, Pay attention to what you are doing or reading Stay alert in class; while reading Do not rely on studying just once before an exam Start to study gad!! "Overleam" the material! When you think you know it ask someone to test you Study in Groups See #3 above Check out the Intemet Many other lectures on the Net Remember the "Big Picture" Go back and look at ISt (introductory) chapter or ISt lecture.

[image] Specific Aids to Memory (con't) •87854 7. 9. 11. Look for connections between courses and life Try to make coursework relevant to your life Work around what you are trying to remember • If "stuck" think of related things to jog memory Take notes on your notes Condense, condense, condense! Get Organized Much easier to remember organized notes (my bi gest problem in college disorganized notes! Find the right place for you to study and memorize successfully Find a place where you can leam and stick to it (avoid loud music and talkative friends).

[image] 7 5. Specific Aids to Memory (cont) Avoid all-night cramming 12, Cannot remember much when you are dead tired! Talk to yourself 13, go over notes out loud over and over and over and.. Most time-tested technique Try to reduce stress in your life 14, May be very hard to do but easier than flunking or dropping out.

[image] Mnemonics Memory aids Artificial strategy for remembering information Four basic categories 87854 1. 2. 4. a Acronyms — new words created from the beginning letters of several words (HOMES, SWAT) Acrostics — verse in which certain letters Ot each word or line form a message (Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge) — said or sung (On Old Olympic Towering Tops A French and German Viewed Some Hops") Yisual methods — visualization to associate words or concepts with remembered visual images (DNA forms a •twisted ladder' structure) Mnemonics can be very useful but cannot be used to memorize everything.

Thank you(.