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Malaria. Kelli baker Taylor.
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Global Impact. 200- 250 million cases per year 400,000 deaths annually One child will die every two minutes in Africa from Malaria (Packard, 2021).
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Cause. Transmission occurs from the bite of female mosquitos infected with Plasmodium parasites. Parasites are injected by the mosquito into the blood stream where they mature, reproduce and further invade red blood cells. A female mosquito then ingests infected blood where the parasite is present. The parasite reproduces and lives in the salivary glands of the mosquito. (Packard, 2021).
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Clinical Manifestations. Fever Flu-like symptoms Malaise Body aches Headaches Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Fatigue Tachycardia tachypnea (CDC, 2022).
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Liver and spleen enlargement Abnormal lab values Anemia Decreased leukocytes Reduced platelets Elevated AST, SGOT, ALT and SGPT (CDC, 2022).
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Types of Malaria. Uncomplicated Malaria Severe Malaria Acidosis Placental Malaria Severe Malaria Anemia Cerebral Malaria (Milner, 2017).
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Diagnosis. Microscopic detection RDT P f HRP2 target antigens PCR testing Serology.
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Microscopic detection of Plasmodium parasites in infected erythrocytes.
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Treatment. Early diagnosis Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) artemether + lumefantrine (AL) artesunate + amodiaquine artesunate + mefloquine (ASMQ) dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (DHA-PIP) artesunate + sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (SP) (WHO, 2017).
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Prevention. Dihydroartemisinin - piperaquine Azithromycin Chemoprevention Long-lasting insecticidal nets Vaccination (Rosenthal, John, & Rabinovich , 2019).
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Role of the APN. Education Prevention Awareness. rant: z',.
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References. CDC (2022). Malaria. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: https:// www.cdc.gov /malaria/about/ faqs.html Malaria (n.d.). One Nurse at a Time. https:// onenurseatatime.org /education/malaria/ Milner, D. (2017). Malaria Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. doi : 10.1101/cshperspect.a025569 Packard, R. (2021). The making of a tropical disease: a short history of Malaria. John Hopkins University Press( 2) Retrieved from https:// books.google.com / books?hl = en&lr =&id=k_03EAAAQBAJ&oi= fnd&pg =PP1&dq= malaria&ots = Pj KyMndrTi&sig =nqJKqNyXhXZuu8Kycl82nroYHZ0#v= onepage&q = malaria&f =false.